A Survey on Decentralized Consensus Mechanisms for Cyber Physical Systems

Bodkhe, Umesh; Mehta, Dhyey; Tanwar, Sudeep; Bhattacharya, Pronaya; Singh, Pradeep Kumar; Hong, Wei‐Chiang

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981415

Cited by 135 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…In the response phase, all the active replications provide their responses to the main one with proofs of consensus. Finally, the main one collects all the signed transactions and places them in a stack [109].…”

Section: ) Consensus Methods and Blockchain-enabled Privacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Privacy-Preserving Schemes for Safeguarding Heterogeneous Data Sources in Cyber-Physical Systems

et al. 2021

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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) as in power, water, gas systems and smart grids produce heterogeneous and huge amount of data from various devices and networks, therefore it is essential to develop efficient privacy-preserving techniques for safeguarding system data (telemetry and transactions) from cyber attacks. In order to protect CPSs from prospect cyber-threats, it is essential to discover system components vulnerabilities to prohibit Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) and keep their generated data secure using privacy-preserving techniques. This paper introduces a comprehensive review of the current privacy-preserving techniques for protecting CPS systems and their data from cyber attacks. Concepts of Privacy preservation and CPSs are discussed, demonstrating CPSs' components and the way these systems could be exploited by either cyber and physical hacking scenarios. Then, classification of privacy preservation according to the way they would be protected, including perturbation, authentication, machine learning (ML), cryptography and blockchain, are explained to illustrate how they would be employed for data privacy preservation. Finally, we show existing challenges, solutions and future research directions of privacy preservation in CPSs.

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Section: ) Consensus Methods and Blockchain-enabled Privacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Privacy-Preserving Schemes for Safeguarding Heterogeneous Data Sources in Cyber-Physical Systems

et al. 2021

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“…The 4 th factor of the CPS threats is the threat vector, which can do one of four mechanisms for a successful attack, e.g., alteration, disruption, fabrication, and interception. The 5 th factor of the CPS threats is the threat's potential consequences, which comprise the CPS integrity, confidentiality, availability, privacy, as well as safety [111].…”

Section: A General Cps Threats Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CPS Attacks Mitigation Approaches on Power Electronic Systems With Security Challenges for Smart Grid Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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This paper presents an inclusive review of the cyber-physical (CP) attacks, vulnerabilities, mitigation approaches on the power electronics and the security challenges for the smart grid applications. With the rapid evolution of the physical systems in the power electronics applications for interfacing renewable energy sources that incorporate with cyber frameworks, the cyber threats have a critical impact on the smart grid performance. Due to the existence of electronic devices in the smart grid applications, which are interconnected through communication networks, these networks may be subjected to severe cyber-attacks by hackers. If this occurs, the digital controllers can be physically isolated from the control loop. Therefore, the cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in the power electronic systems employed in the smart grid need special treatment and security. In this paper, an overview of the power electronics systems security on the networked smart grid from the CP perception, as well as then emphases on prominent CP attack patterns with substantial influence on the power electronics components operation along with analogous defense solutions. Furthermore, appraisal of the CPS threats attacks mitigation approaches, and encounters along the smart grid applications are discussed. Finally, the paper concludes with upcoming trends and challenges in CP security in the smart grid applications.

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“…Whenever a request comes from a SC transaction, Orderers nodes contribute to making it reach peers and add it into the blockchain network. Raft, Solo, and Kafka are three famous consensus mechanisms [78] used in Hyperledger Fabric. Solo is a single node, used for development purposes and is easy to setup.…”

Section: A Hyperledger Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Blockchain-Based Framework for Vehicle Life Cycle Tracking: An End-to-End Solution

et al. 2020

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Transactions related to vehicles include manufacturing, buying, selling, paying insurance(takaful), obtaining regular inspection, leasing a vehicle from banks, getting in an accident, engaging in a traffic violation, calculating price predictions and renting a vehicle. Many people perform transactions related to vehicles in their daily life; transportation authorities also perform vehicle transactions as part of managing vehicle fleets. But tracking these transactions is a challenging task. There are countrywide solutions that uses centralized systems. However, these solutions have problems with trust management, transparency, and access control. Therefore, we believe there is still room for integrated automation of various vehicle-related transactions. In this paper, we present a blockchainbased framework for vehicle tracking that incorporates the mentioned features. Moreover, blockchain is customized to enable usage control for additional transactions, such as inspection, renting and islamic insurance. The usage control model is integrated with IoT devices to continuously monitor the vehicles for certain conditions and remotely revoke access if needed [1]. The complete transaction set is recorded over an immutable ledger that provides trust, transparency and a complete history of record. In this paper, we also presents a prototype implementation of a permissioned blockchain, which will be made available under the GNUv3 General Public License. Performance analysis is performed on the newly proposed framework implementation over the permissioned blockchain to measure its adoption and suitability. INDEX TERMS Blockchain, decentralized applications, smart contracts, vehicle life cycle tracking VOLUME 4, 2016 This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.

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A Survey on Decentralized Consensus Mechanisms for Cyber Physical Systems

Cited by 135 publications

References 112 publications

Privacy-Preserving Schemes for Safeguarding Heterogeneous Data Sources in Cyber-Physical Systems

Privacy-Preserving Schemes for Safeguarding Heterogeneous Data Sources in Cyber-Physical Systems

CPS Attacks Mitigation Approaches on Power Electronic Systems With Security Challenges for Smart Grid Applications: A Review

A Novel Blockchain-Based Framework for Vehicle Life Cycle Tracking: An End-to-End Solution

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