A survey on computer aided diagnosis for ocular diseases

Abstract

BackgroundComputer Aided Diagnosis (CAD), which can automate the detection process for ocular diseases, has attracted extensive attention from clinicians and researchers alike. It not only alleviates the burden on the clinicians by providing objective opinion with valuable insights, but also offers early detection and easy access for patients.MethodWe review ocular CAD methodologies for various data types. For each data type, we investigate the databases and the algorithms to detect different ocular diseases. Their advantages and shortcomings are analyzed and discussed.ResultWe have studied three types of data (i.e., clinical, genetic and imaging) that have been commonly used in existing methods for CAD. The recent developments in methods used in CAD of ocular diseases (such as Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Age-related Macular Degeneration and Pathological Myopia) are investigated and summarized comprehensively.ConclusionWhile CAD for ocular diseases has shown considerable progress over the past years, the clinical importance of fully automatic CAD systems which are able to embed clinical knowledge and integrate heterogeneous data sources still show great potential for future breakthrough.

Retracted: Early diabetic retinopathy diagnosis based on local retinal blood vessels analysis in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images

“…Many studies are conducted to analyze the retinal blood vessels and layers to help ophthalmologists diagnose different retinal diseases. Most of these studies are based on analyzing the colored fundus images, 1,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans, 15,16,17,18,19 and OCTA scans. 20,21,22 In the remaining part of this section, we discuss the CAD systems based on these three imaging modalities.…”

“…Franklin and Rajan 9 implemented a prescreening system for early detection of retinal vascular structure changes to DR. Their algorithm was able to identify and segment the retinal blood vessels using a multilayer perceptron neural network (MPNN). Zhang et al 10 discussed the current developments in ocular CAD methodologies using clinical, genetic, and imaging data for various ocular diseases, such as DR, pathological myopia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma. Fathi and Naghsh-Nilchi 11 presented a multiscale vessel enhancement technique using a complex continuous wavelet transform (CCWT).…”

Automatic diagnosis of imbalanced ophthalmic images using a cost-sensitive deep convolutional neural network

“…Ophthalmic imaging technologies play an important role in diagnosing eye diseases [2–4]. Many computer-aided diagnosis methods can achieve satisfactory performance when the sample distribution is roughly uniform between different classes [5–8]. However, imbalanced datasets are inevitable in a variety of medical data analysis situations [6, 8–11], which causes the existing classifiers to exhibit a high false negative rate (FNR) or false positive rate (FPR).…”

“…Many computer-aided diagnosis methods can achieve satisfactory performance when the sample distribution is roughly uniform between different classes [5–8]. However, imbalanced datasets are inevitable in a variety of medical data analysis situations [6, 8–11], which causes the existing classifiers to exhibit a high false negative rate (FNR) or false positive rate (FPR). False-positive results can cause undue worry, economic burden and waste of medical resources, whereas false-negative misclassifications can lead to delayed treatment onset, cause poor treatment outcomes and hinder the use of artificial intelligence technology for diagnosis.…”

Métodos computacionais para segmentação do disco óptico em imagens de retina: uma revisão

“…Segundo Zhang et al (2014) vários dispositivos de imageamento médico foram desenvolvidos para capturar diferentes partes do olho. Essas modalidades de imageamento são baseadas em várias tecnologias e as imagens capturadas são utilizadas para observar vários sinais de patologia.De acordo com o levantamento feito pelos autores, fotogra a digital da retina é a modalidade de imageamento que mais vem atraindo o interesse de pesquisadores.…”