A Survey of the Free Energies of Formation of the Fluorides, Chlorides, and Oxides of the Elements to 2500 K

Glassner, Alvin

doi:10.2172/4425125

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the case of zirconium, ZrF 3 is the most stable fluoride at 700 °C [13]. The free energies of formation of the difluoride, trifuoride and tetrafluoride are -410, -418 and - 395 kJmol −1 , respectively, at 725 °C [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glassner [13] compiled thermodynamic data for a variety of metal halides including the components of ZBLAN glass but not for europium dihalides. The data for zirconium shows that at all temperatures, ZrF 3 is the most stable fluoride.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coey et al [11] showed that fluoride glasses made using 10-20 mol% EuF 2 contained a significant proportion of EuF 3 Glassner [13] compiled thermodynamic data for a variety of metal halides including the components of ZBLAN glass, but not for europium dihalides. The data for zirconium show that at all temperatures, ZrF 3 is the most stable fluoride.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The oxidation state of europium in halide glasses

Weber

Vũ

Paßlick

et al. 2011

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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The luminescent properties of divalent europium ions can be exploited to produce storage phosphors for x-ray imaging applications. The relatively high cost and limited availability of divalent europium halides makes it desirable to synthesize them from the readily available trivalent salts. In this work, samples of pure EuCl3 and fluoride glass melts doped with EuCl3 were processed at 700-800 °C in an inert atmosphere furnace. The Eu oxidation state in the resulting materials was determined using fluorescence and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Heat treatment of pure EuCl3 for 10 minutes at 710 °C resulted in a material comprising approximately equal amounts of Eu2+ and Eu3+. Glasses made using mixtures of EuCl2 and EuCl3 in the starting material contained both oxidation states. This paper describes the sample preparation and analysis and discusses the results in the context of chemical equilibria in the melts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The oxidation state of europium in halide glasses

Weber

Vũ

Paßlick

et al. 2011

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…IN applications of x-ray spectrometry involving large numbers of similar samples, as in the routine determination of silver in photographic materials, automation of sample handling and the use of a direct-reading print-out device can save time and reduce calculation and transcription errors to a minimum. Although digital recording on punched cards or printed tape may be obtained with commercially available counters, and printed results are available from the Norelco Autrometer (5), from a special-purpose instrument made by Norelco for the Eastman Kodak Co., and from x-ray spectrometers made by other manufacturers, many instruments in the field do not have this feature.…”

Section: Nitratementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Fission Product Oxides and Nitrates to 1500° C.

Campbell¹,

Ortner²,

Anderson³

1961

Anal. Chem.

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“…Glassner [29] compiled thermodynamic data for a variety of metal halides including the components of ZBLAN glass, but not for europium dihalides. The data for Zr show that at all temperatures, ZrF 3 is the most stable fluoride.…”

Section: Influence Of Multivalent Europium-dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Down‐Conversion in Rare‐Earth Doped Glasses and Glass Ceramics

Schweizer

Paßlick

Steudel

et al. 2015

Photon Management in Solar Cells

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This chapter investigates down-converters based on rare earth (RE) ions in zirconium, barium, lanthanum, and aluminum (ZBLAN), glass ceramics and borate glasses. The down-conversion efficiency of europium and samarium is optimized for solar cells. An improvement of the quantum efficiency of the cells is demonstrated in the spectral region where the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the cells is low. For silicon-based solar cells, improvement of the quantum efficiency is achieved by europium (Eu) ions. As the quantum efficiency of the silicon is high even at wavelengths below 400nm the gain by the enhanced EQE in the UV is spoiled by extra absorption from the glass. As the photon flux of the sun light is low in the spectral region where down-converters are appropriate it turns out to be extremely important to avoid all spurious losses in the remaining part of the spectrum

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A Survey of the Free Energies of Formation of the Fluorides, Chlorides, and Oxides of the Elements to 2500 K

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The oxidation state of europium in halide glasses

The oxidation state of europium in halide glasses

Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Fission Product Oxides and Nitrates to 1500° C.

Down‐Conversion in Rare‐Earth Doped Glasses and Glass Ceramics

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