A survey of the EPR spectra of Gd3+ in single crystals

Buckmaster, H. A.; Shing, Y. H.

doi:10.1002/pssa.2210120202

Cited by 137 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The cw EPR spectra of Gd 3+ ions in various host crystals [20,21], particularly in CaWO4 single crystal [22][23][24][25][26], had been extensively studied. The present-work cw EPR spectra recorded at Table I.…”

Section: A Epr Spectra and Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent spin dynamics in a gadolinium-dopedCaWO4crystal

et al. 2017

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We report the first observation of Rabi oscillations in the spin-7/2 ensemble of trivalent gadolinium ions hosted in CaWO4 single crystal. A number of transitions within the lowest electronic multiplet S of Gd 3+ ion are studied using a combination of continuous-wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The corresponding Rabi damping curves and the spin coherence times are detected at varying strengths of the microwave field. These data are well reproduced by a theoretical model which accounts for the intrinsic inhomogeneity of the microwave field within the microwave resonator and the magnetic dipole interactions in the diluted spin ensemble. The results indicate that the studied 8-level ground manifold of Gd 3+ ion can represent an effective three-qubit quantum system.

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Section: A Epr Spectra and Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent spin dynamics in a gadolinium-dopedCaWO4crystal

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, the following procedure has been used to limit the calculations. A literature survey [9] has shown that the most important zero field splitting parameters are Bi and B E except for cubic EPR spectra. However, as stated by Cugunov and Kliava [7], it is not possible to explain the broadened spectrum on the basis of a cubic splitting, because such large splittings giving rise to the line a t g,ff = 6 have never been found in a cubic environment.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interpretation of Broadened Gd³⁺ EPR Spectra of Polycrystalline Ceramics

Koopmans

Perik

Nieuwenhuijse

et al. 1983

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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An interpretation is given of the broadened EPR spectra of Gds+ ions, which are frequently observed in polycrystalline ceramics and glasses. A reasonable simulation of the spectra is obtained, when these are regarded as a superposition of a large number of normal EPR powder spectra, each of which can be described with the usual spin-Hamiltonian. These originate from the many different surroundings of the Gd3+ ions in these compounds due to the structural disorder. The result is, that only those transitions, which are independent of the zero field splitting parameters in the spin Hamiltonian, remain visible in the derivative spectrum. The interpretation is supported by the EPR powder spectrum of the Gd3+ doped compound CaHf,O,, which changes from broadened into clearly resolved, when the compound is ordered by an annealing process.Eine Interpretation wird fur die verbreiterten EPR-Spektren von Gd3 +-Ionen gegeben, die hLufig in polykristalliner Keramik und Glasern beobachtet werden. Eine ziemlich gute Simulation dieser Spektren wird erhalten, wenn diese Spektren als Summe einer groBen Anzahl normaler EPRSpektren betrachtet werden, welche mit dem ublichen Spin-Hamiltonoperator beschrieben werden konnen. Die normalen Spektren werden von den vielen verschiedenen Umgebungen der Gd3+-Ionen verursacht, als Folge der strukturellen Unordnung in diesen Verbindungen. Das Ergebriis ist, da13 nur solche Resonanzen wahrnehmbar sind im abgeleiteten Spektrum, die unabhangig von den Parametern der Nullfeldaufspaltung im Spin-Hamiltonoperator sind. Diese Interpretation wird durch das Verhalten des EPR-Spektrums eines Polykristalls der Gd3+-dotierten Verbindung CaHf,O, gesttitzt. Das erst verbreiterte Spektrum andert sioh in ein deutlich aufgespaltenes Spektrum, wenn die Verbindung in einem TemperungsprozeB geordnet wird.

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“…Moreover, it is also a general observation that b 4 is positive in metallic hosts and negative in insulators. 26,[33][34][35][36][37] To the best of our knowledge, our finding of b 4 Ͻ 0 for Eu 2+ in LaB 6 represents a negative value for b 4 measured in a metallic host. Although many experimental and theoretical efforts were done trying to correlate the origin of the fourth order CFP b 4 ͑R in an S ground state͒ with that of the A 4 ͑R in a non-S ground state͒, a comprehensive understanding of the dominant contributions to the b 4 parameter has not been achieved yet.…”

Section: Gdmentioning

confidence: 48%

Exchange and crystal field effects in the ESR spectra ofEu2+inLaB6

et al. 2007

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Electron spin resonance of Eu 2+ ͑4f 7 , S =7/2͒ in a La hexaboride ͑LaB 6 ͒ single crystal shows a single anisotropic Dysonian resonance. From the observed negative g shift of the resonance, it is inferred that the Eu 2+ ions are covalent exchange coupled to the B 2p-like host conduction electrons. From the anisotropy of the spectra ͑linewidth and field for resonance͒, we found that the S ground state of Eu 2+ ions experience a cubic crystal field of a negative fourth order crystal field parameter ͑CFP͒, b 4 = −11.5͑2.0͒ Oe, in agreement with the negative fourth order CFP, A 4 , found for the non-S ground state R hexaborides. These results support covalency as the dominant contribution to the fourth order CFP for the whole R hexaboride family.

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A survey of the EPR spectra of Gd3+ in single crystals

Cited by 137 publications

References 82 publications

Coherent spin dynamics in a gadolinium-dopedCaWO4crystal

Coherent spin dynamics in a gadolinium-dopedCaWO4crystal

The Interpretation of Broadened Gd³⁺ EPR Spectra of Polycrystalline Ceramics

Exchange and crystal field effects in the ESR spectra ofEu2+inLaB6

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A survey of the EPR spectra of Gd3+ in single crystals

Cited by 137 publications

References 82 publications

Coherent spin dynamics in a gadolinium-dopedCaWO4crystal

Coherent spin dynamics in a gadolinium-dopedCaWO4crystal

The Interpretation of Broadened Gd3+ EPR Spectra of Polycrystalline Ceramics

Exchange and crystal field effects in the ESR spectra ofEu2+inLaB6

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The Interpretation of Broadened Gd³⁺ EPR Spectra of Polycrystalline Ceramics