A survey of the Bali mynah Leucopsar rothschildi stresemann 1912

Iongh, H.H. de; Komara, A.; Moeliono, M.; Soemarto, P.; Soebrata, S.; Spliethoff, P.C.; Sunarja, I.S.

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(82)90085-4

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…1). This confirms the reports of (De Iongh et al 1982;Dirgayusa et al 2000). Based on the BBNP manager's report, the bird was observed at or near the ecotones between savanna and forest, savanna and cropland, savanna and shrub land, settlement and cropland, and finally, the forest and shrubland.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, knowledge and better understanding on the potential distribution and habitat suitability of the Bali starling is important in selecting potential sites for future ex-situ conservation and breeding programs designed to save this endemic bird from its extinction. Several studies on the Bali starling have focused on the bird itself; ranging from its behavior, reproduction, breeding, genetics, taxonomy, demography and reintroduction, among others (Collins & Smith 1994;Collins et al 1998;De Iongh et al 1982;Dirgayusa et al 2000;Seibels et al 1997;Williams & Feistner 2006). However, studies on the habitat of Bali starling are scarce (Widodo 2014), considering that these habitats are vital to the ongoing maintenance of its viable populations, and yet are also very prone to conversion, disturbances and degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NATURAL HABITAT OF BALI STARLING (Leucopsar rothschildi) IN BALI BARAT NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA

2021

BIOTROPIA

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The Indonesian tropical savannas and dry forests provide habitats to various endemic wildlife. Unfortunately, a few of these endemic species are now seriously threatened and are red listed in the conservation status of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Among these species, the Bali starling or Bali mynah Leucopsar rotschildi, locally known as Jalak Bali, is now mostly restricted to the Bali Barat National Park. Given the high extinction risk faced by such species, conservation programs require multidisciplinary approaches that would address both the biological attributes of the species itself and their habitat requirements. Regrettably, for many species, their habitat ecology remains inadequately understood. Hence, this study aimed to: 1. characterize the Bali starling habitat in terms of structure and floristic composition; and 2. document evidences of vegetation cover changes in the Bali Barat National Park. Analysis of remote sensing imagery and field sampling for vegetation attributes were conducted to address these objectives. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from Landsat imageries using red and near infrared bands. Tree cover percentage data were downloaded from Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) of the University of Maryland's website. Results showed that forest and savanna are the dominant land cover types in the Bali Barat National Park. However, their distribution is somewhat dynamic with changes in vegetation cover and greenness found across the years which increase the cover of woody plants is the general trend. The Bali starling in the Bali Barat National Park is mostly found at or near distinct vegetation boundaries, such as the borders between savanna and forest, savanna and cropland, savanna and shrubland, settlement and cropland and, between forest and shrubland. Although Cekik in Jembrana, Bali and Brumbun Bay in West Bali, as the conservation sites for Bali starling, are both planted with tree species providing shelter and food for Bali starling, the bird has not been seen in the two areas since the 1990s. These results further confirm the importance of examining the habitat patterns of endemic birds within a landscape that are influenced by multiple factors interacting in space and time. Addressing data inadequacy in habitat patterns of endemic species distribution is crucial in developing conservation management strategies. Hence, evaluating the habitat remnants of the Bali starling is vital for its conservation and needed reintroduction and eventual release to its natural habitat.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NATURAL HABITAT OF BALI STARLING (Leucopsar rothschildi) IN BALI BARAT NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA

2021

BIOTROPIA

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“… Sources: * Sungkawa et al , 1974 ; † Natawiria, 1975; ‡ Suwelo, 1976; § Sieber, 1978; ¶ de Iongh et al , 1979, 1982 ; ** Hayward et al , Oxford Expedition, 1980, unpublished data; †† van Helvoort et al , 1985 . …”

Section: Historical Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Status and distribution of the endemic Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi

Balen¹,

Dirgayusa²,

Putra³

et al. 2000

Oryx

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The Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi is a passerine endemic to the dry monsoon forest of the island of Bali, Indonesia. Habitat conversion and excessive capture for the pet trade brought the species to the verge of extinction in the 1980s. The species is critically endangered because of 1) an extremely small population size, 2) restriction to a small area, 3) illegal trapping, and 4) diminishing suitable habitat left within its natural range. An intricate web of factors prevents the Bali starling from emerging from this precarious situation.

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“…Although population estimates are unavailable for the period 1938-1974, the historical range of the species was reduced by approximately 75% during this time primarily as a result of conversion of nearly 50% of the coastal dry forests to agricultural fields and human settlements [van Helvoort et al, 1985;Iongh et al, 1982]. A 1984 census estimated the population at 105 birds [Balen et al, 1990], but by October 1990, only 14 birds could be located despite the release of 12 captive-reared birds in April of that year (Fig.…”

Section: Historical Distribution and Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to the reintroduction of the Bali mynah

Collins¹,

Smith²,

Seibels³

et al. 1998

Zoo Biol.

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The Bali mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi) is an endangered bird endemic to the island of Bali, Indonesia. The wild population of approximately 17 birds is confined to West Bali National Park (Taman Nasional Bali Barat). The species was intensively collected for the bird trade in the 1960s and 1970s, and poaching for the internal trade in Indonesia remains the primary threat to the wild population. We conducted an experimental release of one captive-bred and five confiscated, wild origin Bali mynahs on the small offshore island Pulau Menjangan. Released birds readily developed flight and foraging skills. Of the six, radio-tagged birds released, one was stolen, three were likely killed by a raptor, and two were returned successfully to the wild. Many challenges remain for the conservation of this species, including poaching in the national park, disease in the captive population, predation by raptors on newly released birds, and destruction of essential habitat. Results suggest that the Bali mynah is a suitable species for an expanded propagation and release program, provided that poaching is curtailed and disease in birds intended for release can be eliminated.

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A survey of the Bali mynah Leucopsar rothschildi stresemann 1912

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

NATURAL HABITAT OF BALI STARLING (Leucopsar rothschildi) IN BALI BARAT NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA

NATURAL HABITAT OF BALI STARLING (Leucopsar rothschildi) IN BALI BARAT NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA

Status and distribution of the endemic Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi

Approaches to the reintroduction of the Bali mynah

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