A Survey of the Amphibian Species of Sungai Bubu, Anak Kurau, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia

Habitat Assemblage of Amphibians from Langkawi Archipelago, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia

“…Various researchers revealed that Phrynoidis asper and Limnonectes blythii are considered riverine species and prefer to inhabit pristine to minimal-disturbance clear water streams (Berry, 1975;Inger and Stuebing, 1989;Shahriza et al, 2011;Shahrudin et al, 2011;Ibrahim et al, 2012Ibrahim et al, , 2013. Simultaneously, Limnonectes hascheanus prefers to dwell among the litters of the pristine lowland dipterocarp forest floor (Grismer et al, 2006).…”

“…These species tend to occur in many habitats near forest edges, such as villages and recreational parks (Johana et al, 2021). For instance, Chalcorana labialis prefer to inhabit pristine to semidisturbance clearwater streams (Berry, 1975;Inger and Stuebing, 1989;Shahriza et al, 2011;Shahrudin et al, 2011;Ibrahim et al, 2012Ibrahim et al, , 2013Dasi and Shahriza, 2020). Moreover, Polypedates leucomystax and Polypedates discantus can be found in wetlands, marsh, forests, and human housing areas (Frith, 1977;Rujirawan et al, 2013;Ehwan et al, 2016;Shahrudin et al, 2017;Relox and Camino, 2018).…”

“…In comparison, Duttaphrynus melanostictus , Microhyla heymonsi , Microhyla fissipes , Kaloula pulchra , Occidozyga martensii , Microhyla butleri , Fejervarya limnocharis , and Fejervarya cancrivora are usually found in unforested and disturbed areas with high anthropogenic activities (Ibrahim et al, 2001; Tuen and Das, 2005; Norsham et al, 2005; Shahriza and Ibrahim, 2017; Johana et al, 2021). However, they were rarely seen in a pristine undisturbed forest (Inger and Stuebing, 1989).…”

“…Some species rely on human intervention to create and modify their habitat. For example, Kaloula pulchra , Duttaphrynus melanostictus , Polypedates leucomystax , Hylarana erythraea , Occidozyga martensii , Microhyla heymonsi , and Fejervarya limnocharis are the most commonly found species near human housing areas (Shahriza et al, 2011, 2012; Shahrudin et al, 2011; Shahriza and Ibrahim, 2014, 2017; Shahrudin and Jaafar, 2014; Johana et al, 2021). On the other hand, Microhyla fissipes , Fejervarya limnocharis , and Fejervarya cancrivora are usually encountered in open areas, paddy fields, and grasslands (Ibrahim et al, 2005; Johana et al, 2021).…”