A Survey of Switch-Reference in North America

McKenzie, Andrew

doi:10.1086/681580

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Finally, evidence for a CP layer comes from the fact that nominalized clauses exhibit switch reference morphology (Jacobsen 1967) where appropriate. Switch reference is common in languages of North America (McKenzie 2015) and refers to grammatical markers that track whether the subjects of two connected clauses are coreferential. In Washo, the different subject suffix -š appears when the subject of an embedded clause differs from the one in the clause it is embedded in (the same subject marker is null) (Jacobsen 1964(Jacobsen :665, 1998).…”

Section: The Structure Of Cpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clausal embedding in Washo: Complementation vs. modification

Bochnak

Hanink

2021

Nat Lang Linguist Theory

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This paper concerns clausal embedding in Washo (also spelled Washoe, Wáˑšiw), a highly endangered Hokan/isolate language spoken around Lake Tahoe in the United States. We argue that Washo offers evidence that both complementation and modification are available strategies for subordination, and in doing so contribute more generally to the ongoing debate about how clauses are embedded by attitude verbs. We observe that the embedding strategies of certain predicates in Washo follow from independent properties of clause types in the language. On the one hand, clauses embedded by presuppositional verbs come in the form of clausal nominalizations, which are selected as thematic internal arguments. The DP layer in these complements is responsible for encoding familiarity in a general sense (along the lines of Kastner 2015) both in these complement clauses as well as in other constructions in the language. On the other hand, clauses embedded by non-presuppositional verbs are not selected at all; they are instead adjunct modifiers, which follows from the fact that the attitude verbs they modify are always intransitive. This aspect of the analysis lends support to the property-analysis of ‘that’-clauses (e.g., Kratzer 2006; Moulton 2009; Elliott 2016), but only in certain instances of embedding. We argue that the Washo facts show that selection still plays a role for some verbs, contra theories that do away with it altogether (Elliott 2016), but selection cannot explain everything either, as non-presuppositional verbs are intransitive and do not select at all.

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Section: The Structure Of Cpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clausal embedding in Washo: Complementation vs. modification

Bochnak

Hanink

2021

Nat Lang Linguist Theory

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“…Guinea (Roberts 1997), Australia (Austin 1981), Vanuatu (Lynch 1983, de Sousa 2008, North America (Jacobsen 1983, McKenzie 2015, Western South America (van Gijn this volume). There have also been formal accounts of switch-reference, based on the SR systems in a number of languages (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Some non-canonical switch reference systems and the fundamental functions of switch reference

Sousa

2016

Typological Studies in Language

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Switch reference [SR] is complex; doing a truly-comprehensive typology of SR is difficult due to the plethora of "non-core" functions that different SR systems have. Inspired by the difference in usage of the SR system by older and younger speakers in the Papuan language of Menggwa Dla (de Sousa 2006a, b, c), I propose a (somewhat wide) definition of "canonical SR". Canonical SR systems have two primary functions: the grammatico-semantic function of reference tracking, and the grammatico-discourse function of indicating participant continuity versus discontinuity of the SR pivots (the interclausal references monitored by a SR marker). Three types of noncanonical SR systems found in different parts of the world will also be discussed; we will see how they are non-canonical based on the two primary functions of canonical SR.

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“…A last characteristic of SR markers, also similar to anaphoric agreement on v, is that they are typically φ-invariant. Insensibility to features such as person, gender or number is in fact a defining criterion of SR markers for McKenzie (2015). In analyses that consider SR morphemes as a spell-out of T, it is often stressed that T is deficient and does not inflect for any φ-features (Georgi 2012;Souza 2016).…”

Section: Switch Reference Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, an empirical argument from the domain of SR militates against φ-features. McKenzie (2015) and Arregi & Hanink (2019) consider cases of partial coreference or reference overlap, when the reference of one subject contains that of the other but does not exhaust it. In such cases, a number of languages, including Washo, which is illustrated below, allow the SS marker to arise.…”

Section: Switch Reference As Anaphoric Agreementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis is also supported by cross-linguistic evidence on the availability of SS and DS markers in cases of partial coreference. McKenzie (2015) establishes from his large survey of SR in North-American languages that all languages allow DS marking with partial coreference, and many of them require it. While some languages allow SS marking with partial coreference (like we saw for Washo), no language requires it, and it always remains an optional alternative to DS marking.…”

Section: Switch Reference As Anaphoric Agreementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The features of binding and person licensing

Raynaud¹

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Contents 10 Conclusions 383References 389My first thank you goes to Hedde Zeijlstra and Sandhya Sundaresan, whose guidance and support during this thesis made it possible. You both generously and humanly shared your knowledge but also your life skills in the world of academia, and I feel privileged to have had not one, but two very committed supervisors.To Hedde, thank you for your neverending patience and your kindness. You backed me up in every project (and not just by funding all my trips!) and made every opportunity seem accessible. Thank you for creating for many of us a supporting and stimulating work environment in Göttingen.To Sandhya, thank you for caring so much about our work and challenging me to do better, with a fierce attention to detail. I will be eternally grateful for allowing me to go to India on my first fieldwork, it was an incredible experience. A special thanks to Champa and Sundaresan, who made me feel so welcome in their home.To Jegan Murugesan, thank you for your patient and wise companionship during the project, and for always reminding me, when I was freaking out, that this was just a talk, just a meeting, just a thesis. Needless to say, the content of this thesis owes a lot to our project meetings discussions and to our joint discoveries about the AAE.

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A Survey of Switch-Reference in North America

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Clausal embedding in Washo: Complementation vs. modification

Clausal embedding in Washo: Complementation vs. modification

Some non-canonical switch reference systems and the fundamental functions of switch reference

The features of binding and person licensing

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