A Survey of Structural Design of Diagnostic X-ray Imaging Facilities and Compliance to Shielding Design Goals in a Limited Resource Setting

Nkubli, Flavious Bobuin; Nzotta, Christian Chukwuemeka; Nwobi, Nwobi I.; Moi, Silas A.; Adejoh, Thomas; Luntsi, Geofery; Dlama, Joseph; Shem, Laushognu S.

doi:10.7191/jgr.2017.1041

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…In the current study, as seen in Table 1, the SOD in 1 (10%) of the facilities was less than the recommended distance for a standard SOD of 140 cm -200 cm. The finding is in accordance with the study conducted by [9]. This might leads to radiation dose increment, as the intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square root of the distance, probably additional shielding may require in the room.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These violated the minimum room size recommendations of 16m 2 -24m 2 given by the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Agency (NNRA), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and World Health Organization (WHO) [2][7] [8]. These findings are similar to the study conducted by [9]. The possible reason for the similarity is related to the fact that all the facilities are privately owned.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Shielding Adequacy of Conventional X-ray Facilities in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria using RadShield Software

et al. 2022

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Over time x-ray department gains more patient throughput compared to when it was established, this may lead to changes in room usage, workload and occupancy factor. Therefore, it becomes imperative to re-evaluate the shielding adequacy of the facilities to ensure the appropriate shielding design goal is accomplished. The study was aimed at assessing the shielding adequacy of conventional x-ray rooms in ten radio diagnostic centres in Kano Metropolis using RADSHIELD software. This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. RadShield software version 1.1 was used in the study, parameters such as distances of each wall from a radiation source (D), the average number of patients per week (N), occupancy factor (T), and use factor (U) were inserted into the software together with the shielding design goal (P). Once the result was generated, the design and shielding variables were saved in .xml format. The data were analyzed using Excel 2016. Ten facilities were studied involving 14 x-ray rooms. Room III had the largest room size of 49.2 m2 while room X had the least room size of 12.8 m2. Room II had the longest source image distance (SOD) of 180cm while room IV had the shortest (120cm). The design barrier thickness was thickest (47 cm) in room II and thinnest (1.5 cm) in barrier 5 of room III. All the x-ray rooms had the ideal room size except facilities G and H. The design barrier thickness in the radiology department of all the conventional x-ray rooms involved in the study was adequate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Shielding Adequacy of Conventional X-ray Facilities in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria using RadShield Software

et al. 2022

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“…His design goals ranged from 0.00152-0.00496 mSv/week. The differences observed were expected because CT systems produce larger scatter radiation compared to conventional X-ray systems [20]. In contrast to this, there was variation in the shielding design goals between our study and a study by Okon et al, who used thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) in Kaduna State Nigeria, with the conventional X-ray system.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Shielding assessment in two computed tomography facilities in South-South Nigeria: How safe are the personnel and general public from ionizing radiation?

Omojola¹,

Omojola

Akpochafor³

et al. 2020

ASEAN J Radiol

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Objective: The aims of this study were to estimate the instantaneous dose rate(IDR) and annual dose rate (ADR) to radiation staff and the general public withinthe controlled and supervised areas, respectively, to determine the shieldingdesign goals (P) of the 2 CT facilities and to determine the average annual dose(AD) to radiographer/operator in the control console during CT scans. Materials and Methods: The equipment used in this study consisted of twonewly installed General Electric (GE) Revolution ACTs CT machines. Technicalparameters used were a thoracic/dorsal spine scan, which was rarely done in both facilities. A calibrated Inspector USB (S.E. International, Inc.) survey meter was positioned < 50 cm from each barrier at various points to determine the average shielded air kerma Results: The average background radiation in the 2 facilities was 0.11 ?Sv/hr. The average ADR to the controlled and supervised areas in CT1 was 0.563±0.25 and 0.369±0.11 mSv/yr, respectively. Also, the average ADR to the controlled and supervised areas in CT2 were 0.410±0.28 and 0.354±0.04 mSv/yr, respectively. The average shielding design goal to the controlled and supervised areas for CT1 was 0.00898±0.0041 and 0.0059±0.0028 mSv/Week, respectively. Similarly, the average shielding design goal for the controlled and supervised areas for CT2 was 0.0066±0.0044 and 0.0057±0.0019 mSv/Week respectively. The estimated average AD to the operator in CT1 and CT2 was 2.5 and 1.3 ?Sv, respectively. Conclusion: The average ADR and shielding design goals in the controlled and supervised areas from both CTs were within acceptable limits for radiation staff and the public.

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“…International Atomic Energy Agency [2] recommended that the distance between the x-ray tube and the operator's console must not be less than 1 meter. According to the Atomic Energy Authority of Sri Lanka [8] and Atomic Energy Regulatory Board [9] the distance between the x-ray tube and the control console should not be less than 2 and 3 meters, respectively. Radiological Protection Institute of Irland [10] and NNRA recommended that x-ray room wall be lined with 2mm thickness of lead or its equivalent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance level assessment of the recommended standards in the design of privately owned radio diagnostic centers in Anambra State

E. Ezugwu,

O. Abonyi,

I. Ezugwu

et al. 2022

IJASR

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Background: Buildings used for radio-diagnostic purposes are expected to satisfy a certain radiation safety measures, however, the privately owned radio-diagnostic facilities in Anambra State are not purpose built. Objective: To evaluate the building design and layout of diagnostic x-ray rooms of privately owned radio-diagnostic facilities in Anambra State against the internationally recommended standards. Methodology: The building designs of all privately owned radio-diagnostic facilities registered with the ministry of health, Anambra State were assessed by measuring the x-ray room sizes, distances between the x-ray tubes and the control consoles, and the wall thicknesses using a well calibrated meter rule. Presence of lead lining on the walls and doors of the diagnostic rooms were noted and their thickness measured. Results: The studied centers showed 14 (70%) compliance to NNRA recommended x-ray room size (16m2). A total of 12 (60%) of the studied centers were in compliant with x-ray tube to console distance (≥ 1 meter) whereas 14(70 %) of the centers complied on the use of minimum of 2mm thickness of lead for wall lining. Conclusion: The designs and outlay of privately owned radio-diagnostic facilities in Anambra State are in compliance with recommended standards.There was however no significant difference in the level of compliance among the studied parameters (p<0.05).

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A Survey of Structural Design of Diagnostic X-ray Imaging Facilities and Compliance to Shielding Design Goals in a Limited Resource Setting

Abstract: Citation: Nkubli FB, Nzotta CC, Nwobi NI, Moi SA, Adejoh T, Luntsi G, et al. A survey of structural design of diagnostic x-ray imaging facilities and compliance to shielding design goals in a limited resource setting. J Glob Radiol. 2017;3(1):Article 6.

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Shielding Adequacy of Conventional X-ray Facilities in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria using RadShield Software

Shielding Adequacy of Conventional X-ray Facilities in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria using RadShield Software

Shielding assessment in two computed tomography facilities in South-South Nigeria: How safe are the personnel and general public from ionizing radiation?

Compliance level assessment of the recommended standards in the design of privately owned radio diagnostic centers in Anambra State

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