A survey of smart grid architectures, applications, benefits and standardization

Nafi, Nazmus Shaker; Ahmed, Khandakar; Gregory, Mark A; Datta, Manoj

doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2016.10.003

Cited by 93 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It can cover thousands of square kilometers including the main control center. WAN can be a hybrid network with a mixture of wired and wireless sections [32].…”

Section: Communication Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State Transformer for Energy Efficiency Enhancement

Vaca-Urbano¹,

Alvarez-Alvarado²,

Recalde³

et al. 2020

Research Trends and Challenges in Smart Grids

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The rapid evolution of power electronic solutions in all around the globe brings a common problem, which is the adoption of nonlinear loads. This fact carries out a strong impact over the quality of power systems and consequently on energy efficiency, since nonlinear loads act as sources of harmonic currents that flow to other loads or even sources, causing non-optimal performance in their operation. Nowadays, conventional transformers are limited to just manage (increase or decrease) voltage level, but they are not able to deal with power quality events, such as harmonics, sag, swell, among others. Hence, there is a need to incorporate a versatile smart device to deal with the challenges previously described for a smart grid environment. This chapter introduces a solid-state transformer (SST) with topology of multilevel cascade H bridge converter as a solution. SST is an emerging technology that has the advantages of low volume, low weight, fault isolation, and other management features. Within its fundamental operation, this chapter presents a detailed description of a SST system comprising communication and control, highlighting their main advantages in comparison with conventional transformer such as mitigation of waveform harmonic distortion, allowance of integration of distributed generation, and bi-directional power flow.

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“…It can cover thousands of square kilometers including the main control center. WAN can be a hybrid network with a mixture of wired and wireless sections [32].…”

Section: Communication Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State Transformer for Energy Efficiency Enhancement

Vaca-Urbano¹,

Alvarez-Alvarado²,

Recalde³

et al. 2020

Research Trends and Challenges in Smart Grids

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“…SG is an electrical grid that uses analog or digital information and communication technology in electrical systems [18,19]. The SG system is able to supply electricity to consumers through two-way digital communication.…”

Section: Security In Sgmentioning

confidence: 99%

T2S2G: A Novel Two-Tier Secure Smart Grid Architecture to Protect Network Measurements

Aziz

Jin²,

Abdulqadder³

et al. 2019

Energies

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False data injection (FDI) attacks are a major security threat to smart grid (SG) communication systems. In FDI attacks, the attacker has the ability of modifying the measurements transmitted by smart grid entities such as smart meters, buses, etc. Many solutions have been proposed to mitigate FDI attacks in the SG. However, most of these solutions rely on centralized state estimation (SE), which is computationally expensive. To engulf this problem in FDI attack detection and to improve security of SGs, this paper proposes novel two-tier secure smart grid (T2S2G) architecture with distributed SE. In T2S2G, measurement collection and SE are involved in first tier while compromised meter detection is involved in second tier. Initially the overall SG system is divided into four sections by the weighted quad tree (WQT) method. Each section is provided with an aggregator, which is responsible to perform SE. Measurements from power grids are collected by remote terminal units (RTUs) and encrypted using a parallel enhanced elliptic curve cryptography (PEECC) algorithm. Then the measurements are transmitted to the corresponding aggregator. Upon collected measurements, aggregator estimates state using the amended particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm in a distributed manner. To verify authenticity of aggregators, each aggregator is authenticated by a logical schedule based authentication (LSA) scheme at the control server (CS). In the CS, fuzzy with a neural network (FNN) algorithm is employed for measurements classification. Our proposed T2S2G shows promising results in the following performance metrics: Estimation error, number of protected measurements, detection probability, successful detection rate, and detection delay.

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“…Nafi at al. [25] define an SG as an electric network able to intelligently access data related to actions from power generation to electricity consumption. As Rahman et al [26] noted, an SG has the potential to provide innovative and efficient energy management with high reliability.…”

Section: Smart Grid (Sg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Information Security Threats for an IoT-Based Energy Internet by Adopting Software Engineering and Risk Management Approaches

Chen

Huang

2019

Inventions

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This paper introduces an information security threat modeling (ISTM) scheme, which leverages the strengths of software engineering and risk management approaches, called I-SERM. The proposed I-SERM scheme effectively and efficiently prioritizes information security threats for IT systems that utilize a large number of sensors, such as Internet of Things (IoT)-based energy systems. I-SERM operations include determining functional components, identifying associated threat types, analyzing threat items, and prioritizing key threats with the use of software engineering tools such as product flow diagrams, use case diagrams, and data flow diagrams. By simultaneously referring to a proposed STRIDE+p matrix and a defined threat breakdown structure with reference score (TBS+r) scheme, the I-SERM approach enables systematic ISTM. To demonstrate the usability of I-SERM, this study presents a practical case aimed at electricity load balancing on a smart grid. In brief, this study indicates a substantive research direction that combines the advantages of software engineering and risk management into a systematic ISTM process. In addition, the demonstration of I-SERM in practice provides a valuable and practical reference for I-SERM application, and contributes to research in the field of information security designs for IoT-based Energy Internet systems. Inventions 2019, 4, 53 2 of 22ISTs, and taking the considerable remedial actions required are important steps that should be taken based on both theoretical and pragmatic consideration.The IoT has become a mainstream of ICT-based technology enabling smarter applications in the fields of facility monitoring and process management (i.e., Industry 4.0), medical areas, etc. IoT technology also makes possible the construction of smart power systems with intelligent energy management applications. Pan et al. [1] designed and implemented an IoT framework for smart energy functions in buildings. Marinakis and Doukas [2] also emphasized the enhancement of IoT-enabled intelligent energy management in buildings. In addition, Ejaz et al. [3] discussed the issue of how to adopt IoT technology to provide efficient energy management in smart cities. Noor-A-Rahim et al. [4] proposed an IoT-based framework to provide reliable communications between renewable energy facilities, remote IoT components, and control centers. These articles indicate that complex IoT-supported systems like smart buildings or cities, with many factors affecting the total energy consumption in different energy application scenarios, have been the focus of much Energy Internet research.Electricity is undoubtedly an indispensable form of energy for modern society. With the trend of rapid urbanization, people have become highly dependent on their use of electricity. As a result, the stability and reliability of the power supply plays a critical role in the operation of modern power systems. In addition to relying on the effective operation of power equipment, an ICT-supported infrastructure platform capable of superviso...

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A survey of smart grid architectures, applications, benefits and standardization

Cited by 93 publications

References 47 publications

Solid-State Transformer for Energy Efficiency Enhancement

Solid-State Transformer for Energy Efficiency Enhancement

T2S2G: A Novel Two-Tier Secure Smart Grid Architecture to Protect Network Measurements

Determining Information Security Threats for an IoT-Based Energy Internet by Adopting Software Engineering and Risk Management Approaches

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