A Survey of Security Mechanisms with Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals

Abstract

Security has long been a challenging problem in wireless networks, mainly due to its broadcast nature of communication. This opens up simple yet effective measures to thwart useful communications between legitimate radios. Spread spectrum technologies, such as direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), have been developed as effective countermeasures against, for example, jamming attacks. This paper surveys previous research on securing a DSSS channel even further, using physical layer attributes-keyless DSSS mechanisms, and watermarked DSSS (WDSSS) schemes. The former has been motivated by the fact that it is still an open question to establish and share the secret spread sequence between the transmitter and the receiver without being noticed by adversaries. The basic idea of the latter is to exploit the redundancy inherent in DSSS's spreading process to embed watermark information. It can be considered a counter measure (authentication) for an intelligent attacker who obtains the spread sequence to generate fake messages. This paper also presents and evaluates an adaptive DSSS scheme that takes both jam resistance and communication efficiency into account.

A Survey of Security Challenges, Attacks Taxonomy and Advanced Countermeasures in the Internet of Things

“…Inside the jammer area, the hearing range of the wireless devices is analyzed using the technique proposed in [182]. In [189], [190], cancellation and the usage of different parts of the spectrum are introduced for neutralizing the jammer signals, whereas some attempt to estimate the position of the jammer for further action. Some of them have utilized autonomic computing [157]- [159] to detect jammer's location.…”

A New Differential Privacy Crowdsensing Scheme Based on the Multilevel Interactive Game

“…Individual mobile devices select the combination of their strategies (A, ). At the global level, they dynamically adjust their strategies A at each Δ using (11). At the lower level, they decide on their -LDP values at each Δ according to (7)-(8).…”

“…Therefore, privacy protection mechanism has been considered an essential requirement for the MCS system. However, until now, the principal privacy issue in the MCS system has not yet been well addressed; few existing work systematically investigates the privacy protection problem considering the tradeoff between privacy preservation and sensed data accuracy [8][9][10][11].…”

Layer-wise Security Schemes with Secure Routing Protocol for Integrated UMTS and WLAN Ad Hoc Networks

“…WHAs on routing protocol that produces dose directly on the network layer and indirectly on other layers of network that affect availability and integrity of routing packets. In typical DSSS technique, spreads the modulated signal by spreading signal is generated from a Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequence running periodically at a much higher rate than the original data signal for securing physical layer of the network against jamming DOS attacks [35]. In this paper, the transmission and reception turnaround latency for UMTS and WLAN radios have been specified as 25μs and 2μs, respectively.…”