A survey of routing techniques for satellite networks

Ma, Jiulong; Wu, Dan; Liu, Lifang; Hu, Shaolin

doi:10.1007/bf03391581

Cited by 48 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As a special kind of UAVs, satellites are unmanned space probes that are placed into orbit around the Eart [69]. They can be deployed for diverse commercial and scientific purposes, such as satellite phones, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), telescopes, and weather tracking [70].…”

Section: ) Satellitementioning

confidence: 99%

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

et al. 2020

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly important in assisting 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) mobile networks. Indeed, UAVs have all the potentials to both satisfy the ever-increasing mobile data demands of such mobile networks and provide ubiquitous connectivity to different kinds of wireless devices. However, the UAV assistance paradigm faces a set of crucial issues and challenges. For example, the network management of current UAV-assisted systems is time consuming, complicated, and carried out manually, thus causing a multitude of interoperability issues. To efficiently address all these issues, Software-Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are two promising technologies to efficiently manage and improve the UAV assistance for the next generation of mobile networks. In the literature, no clear guidelines are describing the different use cases of SDN and NFV in the context of UAV assistance to terrestrial networks, including mobile networks. Motivated by this fact, in this survey, we guide the reader through a comprehensive discussion of the main characteristics of SDN and NFV technologies. Moreover, we provide a thorough analysis of the different classifications, use cases, and challenges related to UAV-assisted systems. We then discuss SDN/NFV-enabled UAV-assisted systems, along with several case studies and issues, such as the involvement of UAVs in cellular communications, monitoring, and routing, to name a few. We furthermore present a set of open research challenges, high-level insights, and future research directions related to UAV-assisted systems.

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Section: ) Satellitementioning

confidence: 99%

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

et al. 2020

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“…However, the networks that are usually formed as swarms and constellations require reliable routing protocols to define one or more reliable paths for its users, according to the link metric and QoS requirements. The integrated satellite network structure is consisting of a space segment and the terrestrial network, which creates three main types of routing segments, which are: space segment routing; access routing; and, boundary routing [14]. Of these segments, space segment routing includes data routing between satellites over one or more reliable paths to satisfy system requirements, while access routing controls satellite access to a ground station or a mobile ground user.…”

Section: Challenges In Cubesat Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Reference [1], the communication capabilities of small satellites over inter-satellite links are presented from the view of the last three lower layers of the OSI. In Reference [14], some of the routing approaches for conventional satellite networking are reviewed with a focus on networking challenges in the space environment. Most recently, some features of small satellites and CubeSats are reviewed, including mission objectives, CubeSat subsystems, topology examples, and communication protocols [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DTN and Non-DTN Routing Protocols for Inter-CubeSat Communications: A comprehensive survey

2020

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CubeSats, which are limited by size and mass, have limited functionality. These miniaturised satellites suffer from a low power budget, short radio range, low transmission speeds, and limited data storage capacity. Regardless of these limitations, CubeSats have been deployed to carry out many research missions, such as gravity mapping and the tracking of forest fires. One method of increasing their functionality and reducing their limitations is to form CubeSat networks, or swarms, where many CubeSats work together to carry out a mission. Nevertheless, the network might have intermittent connectivity and, accordingly, data communication becomes challenging in such a disjointed network where there is no contemporaneous path between source and destination due to satellites’ mobility pattern and given the limitations of range. In this survey, various inter-satellite routing protocols that are Delay Tolerant (DTN) and Non Delay Tolerant (Non-DTN) are considered. DTN routing protocols are considered for the scenarios where the network is disjointed with no contemporaneous path between a source and a destination. We qualitatively compare all of the above routing protocols to highlight the positive and negative points under different network constraints. We conclude that the performance of routing protocols used in aerospace communications is highly dependent on the evolving topology of the network over time. Additionally, the Non-DTN routing protocols will work efficiently if the network is dense enough to establish reliable links between CubeSats. Emphasis is also given to network capacity in terms of how buffer, energy, bandwidth, and contact duration influence the performance of DTN routing protocols, where, for example, flooding-based DTN protocols can provide superior performance in terms of maximizing delivery ratio and minimizing a delivery delay. However, such protocols are not suitable for CubeSat networks, as they harvest the limited resources of these tiny satellites and they are contrasted with forwarding-based DTN routing protocols, which are resource-friendly and produce minimum overheads on the cost of degraded delivery probability. From the literature, we found that quota-based DTN routing protocols can provide the necessary balance between delivery delay and overhead costs in many CubeSat missions.

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“…In a single-layer satellite network, routing primarily includes the routing algorithm based on the virtual topology and routing strategy based on the virtual node. 1 Among them, the Discrete Time Dynamic Virtual Topology Routing 2 (DT-DVTR) algorithm is a typical representative of the connection-oriented routing algorithm. The algorithm divides constellation topology into discrete time slices according to its predictability and uses the topology of each time slice to calculate the routing path.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible feedback intelligent routing algorithm based on DQN for large-scale LEO networks

Luo,

Jin,

Dong

et al. 2024

Advanced Fiber Laser Conference (AFL2023)

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The Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation has the advantages of low-latency transmission and global coverage and has a wide range of applications in emergency rescue, aviation, and sea voyages. With the highly dynamic topologies, limited onboard computing resources, and large global routing computation overheads of the large-scale LEO constellation, centralized routing algorithms always encounter difficulties in such LEO satellite networks. Therefore, this paper proposes a flexible feedback intelligent routing algorithm based on deep Q-network (DQN) for large-scale LEO networks. By dynamically designing the reward function of DQN and adding a congestion alleviation scheme to the Kshortest path method in the training process, the delay and packet loss performances are improved. The delay performance is improved by 8%-12% over the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm, which is closer to the Shortest Delay First (SDF) algorithm with a minimum difference of only 6%. At the same time, the proposed algorithm has better packet loss performances than SPF and SDF algorithms to avoid congestion. When the congestion occurs, the algorithm can choose other paths.

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A survey of routing techniques for satellite networks

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

DTN and Non-DTN Routing Protocols for Inter-CubeSat Communications: A comprehensive survey

Flexible feedback intelligent routing algorithm based on DQN for large-scale LEO networks

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