A Survey of Recent Progress in Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants and Some Mode of Action Studies

Weil, Edward D.; Levchik, Sergei V.; Ravey, M.; Zhu, Weiming

doi:10.1080/10426509908039486

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Ammonium phosphate was deemed a potential fire retardant as early as 1810 A.D. and since then, phosphate based salts have been extensively used as flame retardants (Weil et al, 1999). Thus, when ammonium phosphate was added to the biomass samples (D. fir and H. pop), the phosphoric acid (resulting from ammonium phosphate's dissociation) reacted with the cellulose molecule producing an ester (Kandola et al, 1996).…”

Section: Tgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of waste biomass pyrolysis: Effect of physical and chemical pre-treatments

Das

Sarmah

2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Tgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of waste biomass pyrolysis: Effect of physical and chemical pre-treatments

Das

Sarmah

2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The main perception of flame retardancy in the condensed phase lies in the development of a protecting barrier (Jimenez et al 2006). Thus the underlying material is shielded from heat transfer through barrier formation (Weil et al 1999). Flame retardants are either applied to pretreated wood or blended with the impregnating monomers prior to impregnation into wood.…”

Section: Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based Wood Polymer Nanocomposites: A Sustainable High-Performance Material for Future

Hazarika

Baishya

2015

Advanced Structured Materials

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Numerous studies are underway on the preparation and applications of petroleum-based polymer nanocomposites. The depletion of world oil pool, nonbiodegradability, and raising cost of petroleum-based materials are some of the disadvantages allied with these polymers-based products. The utilization of renewable materials has attracted researchers because of its easy availability and low cost. They can potentially remove the harmful effects of petroleum-based materials and thus show a greener path in the fields of application of composites. The biocomposites developed by using renewable polymers such as furfuryl alcohol, poly(lactic acid), gluten, starch, soy flour, etc., and naturally available fibers have been gaining considerable attention because of their environmentfriendly nature. Wood is a biologically derived biodegradable raw material which requires minimum processing energy. Wood polymer composites (WPC) have tremendous advantageous properties and it rapidly improves the mechanical, physical, chemical as well as other properties of the composite suitable for different outdoor and indoor applications. The properties of the WPC can be improved to the desired level through the application of nanotechnology, cross-linking agents, flame retardants, grafting, etc. Nano-based wood polymer composite provides versatile advantages in their properties compared to the conventional WPC. Flame retardants obtained from renewable resource such as the gum of the plant Moringa oleifera can efficiently improve the flame retardancy along with other properties of the composites. This chapter discusses the various properties of renewable polymerbased wood polymer nanocomposites as a potential, sustainable, green composite to attain durability without using harmful chemicals.

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“…Phosphorus (P) containing FRs are particularly important due to their high efficiency, low loading, and less corrosive effect on equipment during processing and combustion [31,32]. As a result, different P containing FRs have been synthesized and applied to different polymers over the years [33,34]. Recently, P containing FRs with a significant amount of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are deemed to further enhance the condensed phase FR chemistry of polymeric materials during combustion [35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardant poly(lactic acid) biocomposites reinforced by recycled wool fibers – Thermal and mechanical properties

Tawiah¹,

Yu²,

Ullah

et al. 2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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The inherently poor flame retardancy and comparatively low tensile strength of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) have limited its wide adoption as alternative 'green' engineering plastic in many fields. This manuscript reports the synthesis of a new phosphorus flame retardant-phenylphosphonic 3(2-aminobenzothiazole) (P-TAB) and its combination with recycled short wool fibers (WF) for improving the flame retardancy and the mechanical properties of PLA. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1 H, and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra proved that P-TAB was effectively synthesized. Considerable reductions in heat release rate, total heat released, CO and CO 2 produced were attained with 3 wt% P-TAB and various WF loadings. The fire performance index (FPI), and fire growth index (FGI) improved by 38.2 and 48.1% respectively. The composite achieved a V-0 rating at 20 wt% WF loading and an LOI value of 28.5%. TG-IR results showed substantial reductions in evolved gaseous products. The tensile strength and Young's modulus improved significantly with the increasing content of WF in the composite.

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A Survey of Recent Progress in Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants and Some Mode of Action Studies

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanism of waste biomass pyrolysis: Effect of physical and chemical pre-treatments

Mechanism of waste biomass pyrolysis: Effect of physical and chemical pre-treatments

Bio-based Wood Polymer Nanocomposites: A Sustainable High-Performance Material for Future

Flame retardant poly(lactic acid) biocomposites reinforced by recycled wool fibers – Thermal and mechanical properties

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