2021
DOI: 10.1109/jproc.2021.3051555
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A Survey of Powertrain Technologies for Energy-Efficient Heavy-Duty Machinery

Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive, multidisciplinary overview of the development of powertrain technologies for energy-efficient heavy-duty earthmoving machines. The heavy-duty earthmoving equipment industry has been among the biggest contributors to emissions globally. However, due to high power demand and multidisciplinary powertrain structures, improving the energy efficiency of heavy-duty mobile machines has been a pressing and challenging task in the industry. To cope with this challenge, hydraulics a… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…Existing tracking algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning use action space noise to improve the exploration ability of models in complex scenes [ 21 ]. However, action space noise is generated completely randomly, which is stochastic and nonreproducible.…”
Section: Deep Learning-assisted Personalized Learning Of Englishmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Existing tracking algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning use action space noise to improve the exploration ability of models in complex scenes [ 21 ]. However, action space noise is generated completely randomly, which is stochastic and nonreproducible.…”
Section: Deep Learning-assisted Personalized Learning Of Englishmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…is algorithm also has certain shortcomings, that is, poor explainability; related recommendations also lack a clear theoretical discussion; and the principle of the algorithm is not clear. Based on the above theory, researchers have proposed some model-based recommendation algorithms such as cloud-based models and user preference models [21].…”
Section: Collaborative Filtering Recommendations For Moviesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1,2 Compact wheel loaders are usually equipped with hydrostatic transmission (HST). 3,4 Compared with gearbox transmission, an HST provides engine optimization and smooth drive owing to its continuously variable transmission (CVT) function. 5 However, the main drawback of HST is its low efficiency due to its double energy conversion.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%