A Survey of PET Image Segmentation: Applications in Oncology, Cardiology and Neurology

Baâzaoui, Abir; Barhoumi, Walid; Zagrouba, Ezzeddine; Mabrouk, Rostom

doi:10.2174/1573405612666151203204003

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Selection method of such segmentation technique has been often found arbitrary in contemporary research papers [3]. A few researchers have tried to compare different segmentation techniques individually for functional or structural bio-medical imaging [2].…”

Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Multimodal Tumor Image Segmentation Techniques

Moitra¹

2018

ijarcs

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Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Multimodal Tumor Image Segmentation Techniques

Moitra¹

2018

ijarcs

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“…Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and non-invasive molecular imaging modality widely used in cardiology, neurology and oncology providing in vivo biochemical information Baâzaoui et al (2016). Most of the PET imaging applications is performed with Fluorine-18 labeled radiopharmaceuticals due to the favorable nuclear and physical properties of this radionuclide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A closer look at the synthesis of 2-[18F]fluoroethyl tosylate to minimize the formation of volatile side-products

Pijeira

Santos

Araujo

et al. 2022

EJNMMI radiopharm. chem.

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Background 2-[18F]Fluoroethyltosylate ([18F]FEtOTs) is a well-known 18F-fluoroalkylating agent widely used to synthesize radiotracers for positron emission tomography. The widespread use of [18F]FEtOTs is due in part to its low volatility when compared to other halide and sulfonate building blocks. In this work, the radioactive volatile side-products formed during the synthesis of [18F]FEtOTs were identified and characterized for the first time, and an optimization of the reaction conditions to minimize their formation was proposed. Results In order to characterize the volatiles produced during [18F]FEtOTs synthesis, the reaction mixtures of both cold FEtOTs and [18F]FEtOTs were co-injected onto the HPLC system. The radioactive peaks corresponding to the volatile compounds were collected, analyzed through headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry sampler (HS-GC–MS) and identified as vinyl fluoride ([19F]VF) and 2-fluoroethanol ([19F]FEOH). By using a rotatable central composite design with a two-level full factorial core of two factors (22), it was determined that temperature and time are independent variables which affect the generation of [18F]VF and [18F]FEOH during the radiosynthesis of [18F]FEtOTs. In addition, in order to reduce the formation of the volatiles ([18F]VF and [18F]FEOH) and increase the yield of [18F]FEtOTs, it was demonstrated that the molar ratio of base to precursor must also be considered. Conclusion [18F]VF and [18F]FEOH are volatile side-products formed during the radiosynthesis of [18F]FEtOTs, whose yields depend on the reaction time, temperature, and the molar ratio of base to precursor. Therefore, special care should be taken during the radiosynthesis and subsequent reactions using [18F]FEOTs in order to avoid environmental contamination and to improve the yield of the desired products.

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