A survey of molecular details in the human pineal gland in the light of phylogeny, structure, function and chronobiological diseases

Stehle, Joerg H.; Saade, Anastasia; Rawashdeh, Oliver; Ackermann, Katrin; Jilg, Antje; Sebestény, T.; Maronde, Erik

doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00856.x

Cited by 370 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 267 publications

(457 reference statements)

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“…Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is the most important multi-functional indole which is produced by the pineal gland and other organs [16,17]. Melatonin and its metabolites are powerful free radical scavengers with antioxidants with anti-apoptosis properties [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin modulates the expression of BCL-xl and improve the development of vitrified embryos obtained by IVF in mice

Dehghani-Mohammadabadi

Salehi

Farifteh

et al. 2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin modulates the expression of BCL-xl and improve the development of vitrified embryos obtained by IVF in mice

Dehghani-Mohammadabadi

Salehi

Farifteh

et al. 2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…Since lipid peroxidation markedly lowers its level, glutathione together with MDA are used as indicators of oxidative stress in the liver [4] . Melatonin is a serotonin-derived neurohormone formed primarily in the brain by the pineal gland of all mammals, including man [5] . In humans, melatonin is secreted mostly nocturnally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin attenuates high fat diet-induced fatty liver disease in rats

Hatzis¹,

Ziakas²,

Kavantzas³

et al. 2013

WJH

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the statistical analysis and contributed to the interpretation of the data; Kavantzas N did histopathological examinations of the tissue biopsies; Triantafyllou A performed the biochemical tests and the malondialdehyde and glutathione assays; Sigalas P was responsible for the welfare of the animals and the collection and storage of tissues and sera; Andreadou I performed the biochemical tests and the malondialdehyde and glutathione assays; Ioannidis K was responsible for the welfare of the animals and the collection and storage of tissues and sera; Chatzis S was a contributor in writing and revising the manuscript; Filis K was responsible for the welfare of the animals and the collection and storage of tissues and sera; Papalampros A performed invasive procedures on the animals; Sigala F contributed to the conception of the study, performed the invasive procedures, and oversaw the welfare of the animals as well as the collection and storage of tissues and sera. Abstract AIM: To investigate melatonin's preventive action in oxidative stress in a rat model with high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS:NAFLD was induced by high fat diet (HFD) in adult, male, Wistar rats, weighing 180-230 g. After acclimatization for one week, they were randomly assigned to 6 experimental groups that comprised animals on regular diet plus 5 or 10 mg/kg melatonin, for 4 or 8 wk; animals on HFD, with or without 5 or 10 mg/kg melatonin, for 4 or 8 wk; and animals on HFD for 8 or 12 wk, with melatonin 10 mg/kg for the last 4 wk. Liver damage was assessed biochemically by the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and histologically. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress were assessed by malondialdehyde and glutathione levels in liver tissue. Lipidemic indices and portal vein pressure were also measured. RESULTS:Compared to rats not receiving melatonin, rats on 5 or 10 mg/kg of melatonin had lower mean liver weight (-5.0 g and -4.9 g) (P < 0.001) and lower liver weight to body weight ratio (-1.0%) (P < 0.001), for the two doses, respectively. All rats fed HFD without melatonin developed severe, grade Ⅲ, steatosis. Rats on HFD with concurrent use of melatonin showed significantly less steatosis, with grade Ⅲ steatosis observed in 1 of 29 (3.4%) rats on 10 mg/kg melatonin Hatzis G et al . Melatonin and fatty liver and in 3 of 27 (11.1%) rats on 5 mg/kg melatonin. Melatonin was ineffective in reversing established steatosis. Melatonin also had no effect on any of the common lipidemic serum markers, the levels of which did not differ significantly among the rats on HFD, irrespective of the use or not of melatonin. Liver cell necrosis was significantly less in rats on HFD receiving melatonin than in those not on melatonin, with the AST levels declining by a mean of 170 U/L (P = 0.01) and 224 U/L (P = 0.001), and the ALT levels declining by a mean of 62.9 U/L (P = 0.01) and 93.4 U/L (P < 0.001), for the 5 and 10 mg/kg melatonin dose, respectively. Melatonin mitigated l...

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“…We found that aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), the two main enzymes in melatonin synthesis, are expressed in oral mucosa and also in salivary glands. However, melatonin, which is also found in saliva, is believed to passively enter the mucous through the circulatory system in salivary glands (parotid, submaxillary and sublingual glands) [58,73]. Thus, as the quantity of melatonin entering the oral cavity is proportional to salivary flow, xerostomia, which actually aggravates periodontal status, could be associated with oral pathologies [74].…”

Section: A) Melatonin In the Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Mucositis: Melatonin Gel an Effective New Treatment

Moneim¹,

Guerra‐Librero²,

Florido³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract:The current treatment for cervico-facial cancer involves radio and/or chemotherapy.Unfortunately, cancer therapies can lead to local and systemic complications such as mucositis, which is the most common dose-dependent complication in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract.Mucositis can cause a considerably reduced quality of life in cancer patients already suffering from physical and psychological exhaustion. However, melatonin, whose role in the treatment of mucositis has recently been investigated, offers an effective alternative therapy in the prevention and/or management of radio and/or chemotherapy-induced mucositis. This review focuses on the pathobiology and management of mucositis in order to improve the quality of cancer patients' lives.Keywords: mucositis; radiotherapy; chemotherapy; pathophysiology; management; melatonin Overview of mucositis pathobiologyMucositis, one of the most severe toxic side effects of cancer therapy, can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract, with the oral cavity being the most common affected site. It presents in virtually all head and neck cancer patients receiving chemo and/or radiotherapy, in 60-85% of those receiving myeloablative therapy for stem-cell transplantation and in 20-40% of patients receiving conventional chemotherapy [1][2][3]. The use of concomitant chemotherapy and/or targeted agents increases the risk of mucositis.Oral lesions lead to considerably decreased quality of life in these patients due to solid and liquid food dysphagia, dysarthria and odynophagia, resulting in depression in some patients, who often require percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube insertion [4]. In addition, mucositis lesions may represent a gateway to opportunistic infections, can complicate cancer treatment and extend hospitalization [5][6]. On the other hand, given its dose-limiting toxicity for both chemo and radiotherapy, mucositis can have a direct impact on survival rates [7]. Pathophysiology of mucositisRecent developments in mucositis research have highlighted multiple factors which contribute to mucosal injury [8]. A five-phase chronological process has been proposed: initiation, primary damage response (upregulation and message generation), signal amplification, ulceration and the healing phase [9]. Mucositis commences when gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa are exposed to cytotoxic agents, resulting in cellular DNA damage and cell death, mainly through the generation of oxidative Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 9 March 2017 doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0052.v1Peer-reviewed version available at Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, , 1003 doi:10.3390 The progression of mucositis is characterized by significant inflammatory mediator up-regulation due to the activation of the NF-κB pathway (upregulation and message generation phase). This is followed by the signaling and amplification phase, during which, once activated by chemotherapy and ROS, NF-κB promotes the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory molecules, including inducible nitric oxid...

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A survey of molecular details in the human pineal gland in the light of phylogeny, structure, function and chronobiological diseases

Cited by 370 publications

References 267 publications

Melatonin modulates the expression of BCL-xl and improve the development of vitrified embryos obtained by IVF in mice

Melatonin modulates the expression of BCL-xl and improve the development of vitrified embryos obtained by IVF in mice

Melatonin attenuates high fat diet-induced fatty liver disease in rats

Oral Mucositis: Melatonin Gel an Effective New Treatment

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