A survey of measured levels and dietary sources of selected organochlorine pesticide residues and metabolites in human sera from a rural population.

Stehr‐Green, Paul A.; Farrar, Jeffrey A.; Burse, Virlyn W.; Royce, Wendy; Wohlleb, James C.

doi:10.2105/ajph.78.7.828

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The consumption of fruit and vegetables was inversely associated with dieldrin in this study, which is in contrast to one previous study of a rural US community where root vegetables were in direct contact with contaminated soils (Stehr-Green et al, 1988), that reported a positive association between root vegetables and serum concentrations of trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane. More studies may be warranted and our result may also be attributed to chance.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Predictors of adipose tissue concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in a general Danish population

Bräuner

Raaschou-Nielsen

Gaudreau

et al. 2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Organochlorine pesticides are ubiquitously present in the environment and suspected of carcinogenic, neurological and immunological effects. Our objective was to identify determinants of adipose tissue levels of organochlorine pesticides experienced by a general Danish population. Adipose tissue was collected upon enrolment of 245 randomly selected persons from a prospective cohort of 57,053 persons enrolled between 1993 and 1997. We examined geography, gender, age, lactation, body mass index (BMI) and intake of nine dietary groups and tap water drinks, as potential determinants of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, hexachlorocyclohexane, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, cis-nonachlor, transnonachlor and oxychlordane. Living in Copenhagen city and age at enrolment showed positive associations with all compounds. BMI was positively associated with all compounds except cis-nonachlor. Fatty-fish consumption showed positive associations with cis-nonachlor, trans-nonachlor, DDT and dieldrin and fruit and vegetables were inversely associated with dieldrin. Determinant estimates of trans-nonachlor were similar to estimates of total chlordanes while cis-nonachlor and oxychlordane seemed to differ. This is one of the first studies of organochlorine pesticides predictors in adipose tissue and contributes to the ongoing debate about exposure sources of these compounds. Single determinants varied among the individual compounds, even within related chlordane residues, suggesting that organochlorine pesticides should not be treated as a homogenous group.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Predictors of adipose tissue concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in a general Danish population

Bräuner

Raaschou-Nielsen

Gaudreau

et al. 2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Our findings may implicate termite control as a risk factor in the development of NHL, although elevated adipose tissue levels of these organochlorines can arise from direct inhalation or dermal exposure (e.g., to heptachlor or chlordane residues from termite treatments) or from diet. For the organochlorines studied, both parent compounds and metabolites can be found in foods (Dougherty et al 2000;Stehr-Green et al 1988), especially fish (Karl et al 1998) and meats (DeVoto et al 1998;Salman et al 1990). A limitation of the present study is that occupational information was missing for most subjects; therefore, the relation of occupational exposures to NHL could not be explored (Persson et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Adipose tissue levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Quintana

Delfino

Korrick

et al. 2004

Environ Health Perspect

102

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In this nested case-control study we examined the relationship between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and organochlorine pesticide exposure. We used a data set originally collected between 1969 and 1983 in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Human Adipose Tissue Survey. Adipose samples were randomly collected from cadavers and surgical patients, and levels of organochlorine pesticide residues were determined. From the original study population, 175 NHL cases were identified and matched to 481 controls; 173 controls were selected from accident victims, and 308 from cases with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Cases and controls were mainly from cadavers (> 96%) and were matched on sex, age, region of residence within the United States, and race/ethnicity. Conditional logistic regression showed the organochlorine pesticide residue heptachlor epoxide to be significantly associated with NHL [compared with the lowest quartile: third quartile odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-3.28; fourth quartile OR = 3.41, 95% CI, 1.89-6.16]. The highest quartile level of dieldrin was also associated with elevated NHL risk (OR = 2.70; 95% CI, 1.58-4.61), as were higher levels of oxychlordane, p,p´-DDE [p,p-1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene], and β-benzene hexachloride (ORs = 1.79, 1.99, and 2.47, respectively). The p-values for trends for these associations were significant. In models containing pairs of pesticides, only heptachlor epoxide and dieldrin remained significantly associated with risk of NHL. Limitations of this study include collection of samples after diagnosis and a lack of information on variables affecting organochlorine levels such as diet, occupation, and body mass index. Given the persistence of pesticides in the environment, these findings are still relevant today.

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“…An increase in levels can be associated with an increase in age (Davies et al, 1969;Kreiss et al, 1981). Other studies have reported no direct relationship with age (Murphy and Harvey, 1985;Stehr-Green et al, 1988), but these seem to be associated with relatively low serum levels. We have found a significant drop of EDDT in serum of the exposed group from the 3-9 to the 20-29 and 30-39 yr age groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Malaria control and levels of DDT in serum of two populations in KwaZulu

Bouwman

Cooppan²,

Becker³

et al. 1991

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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Concentrations of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD were determined in serum of members of households of two different areas of KwaZulu. Annual intradomiciliary application of DDT is used for the interruption of malaria transmission in one area (the exposed group) while the other served as the control. Demographic differences between the two groups resulted in significantly more females in the control group. The two groups were comparable with respect to age. Serum from household members living in DDT-treated dwellings had significantly higher (p less than .005) levels of sigma DDT and metabolites (mean sigma DDT 140.9 micrograms/l) than those from the control area (mean sigma DDT 6.04 micrograms/l). Percentage DDT was also significantly higher (p less than .05) in the exposed group (28.9%) than the control group (8.3%). sigma DDT for the 3-10 yr age interval (168.6 micrograms/l) was significantly higher (p less than .05) than the 20-29 (60.5 micrograms/l) and 30-39 (84.2 micrograms/l) yr age intervals. There seemed to be two groups with regard to accumulation and elimination. The age group 3-29 appeared to be eliminating DDT, most likely accumulated from contaminated breast milk, faster than they accumulated it. From around 29 yr of age accumulation predominated as the levels increased with age. Regression analysis suggested pharmacokinetic differences for DDE and DDT between the two groups. Liver function parameters between the two groups only differed significantly for gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) (p less than .005), but the influence of difference in alcohol consumption, which was significantly higher in the exposed group (p less than .0001), offered a better explanation. Those of the exposed group that consumed alcohol had a significantly higher (p less than .05) mean gamma GT level (41.5 IU/l) than those that did not (20.2 IU/l), but were not significantly different for sigma DDT (p greater than .05). The safety of DDT used in malaria control for subjects aged 3 and older was confirmed by the levels of DDT in serum when compared with other studies, which showed lack of any negative effects associated with these levels in adults, and an apparently normal liver function in the exposed and control groups.

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A survey of measured levels and dietary sources of selected organochlorine pesticide residues and metabolites in human sera from a rural population.

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Predictors of adipose tissue concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in a general Danish population

Predictors of adipose tissue concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in a general Danish population

Adipose tissue levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Malaria control and levels of DDT in serum of two populations in KwaZulu

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