A survey of marbling fat in Canadian beef carcasses

Jones, S. D. M.; Tong, A. K. W.; Talbot, Sandra L.

doi:10.4141/cjas91-119

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The greater marbling for heifers compared with steers was similar to that reported by others (Hedrick et al 1969;Wilson et al 1969;Martin et al 1971;Jones et al 1991). Bulls have less marbling fat than either heifers or steers (Hedrick et al 1969;Wilson et al 1969;Martin et al 1971;Jones et al 1991).…”

Section: Sex Effectssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…A number of dietary, genetic and other factors contribute to the differences in marbling that occur in beef carcasses (Jones et al 1991;Kauffman et al 1968;Koch et al 1976;Lunt et al 1993;Swortzel et al 1984). Japanese Wagyu cattle exhibit a high degree of marbling; however, it is not known if this is due to genetics, or feeding and management, or a combination of both (Lunt et al 1993).…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is considerable variation in the degree of marbling found in beef carcasses in Canada (Jones et al 1991), an indication that there is much room for improvement in this area. A number of dietary, genetic and other factors contribute to the differences in marbling that occur in beef carcasses (Jones et al 1991;Kauffman et al 1968;Koch et al 1976;Lunt et al 1993;Swortzel et al 1984).…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bulls have less marbling fat than either heifers or steers (Hedrick et al 1969;Wilson et al 1969;Martin et al 1971;Jones et al 1991). Gender differences are most likely the result of the different reproductive hormones present in bulls and heifers, with testosterone causing the production of lean muscle and estrogen resulting in more fat deposition in muscle.…”

Section: Sex Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Wagyu genetics on marbling, backfat and circulating hormones in cattle

Mears¹,

Mir²,

Bailey³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2001. Effect of Wagyu genetics on marbling, backfat and circulating hormones in cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 65-73. Backfat depths, marbling scores, and concentrations of plasma insulin, cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) were determined in 394 calves with and without Wagyu genetics. Hormone concentrations were determined three to five times for hormones between weaning and slaughter. Calves were weighed and backfat was ultrasonically determined at 28-d intervals, and assigned for slaughter when ultrasonic backfat depths approached 12 mm. Heifers weighed less (P < 0.001) and had more backfat (P < 0.05) and more marbling (P < 0.05) than steers at slaughter. Breed influenced slaughter weight (P < 0.001) and average backfat depth (P < 0.001), with Wagyu/Angus and Wagyu/Hereford crosses and Angus purebreds generally having greater backfat depths and lower slaughter weights than other crosses and purebreds. Marbling scores were not affected by breed (P > 0.1), although Wagyu crosses had more marbling (P < 0.05) compared with purebreds when variability in marbling due to differences in backfat depth was removed. Plasma cortisol, T3 and T4 were affected by calf breed, although there were no clear patterns for groups of breeds or breed crosses. There was a slight trend (P < 0.2) towards higher insulin levels and lower cortisol, T3 and T4 levels in some groups of calves with more backfat. Higher mean levels (P < 0.05) of T3 and T4 were found in all but one group of animals with more marbling. Thus, thyroid hormones may have a role to play in enhancing marbling in cattle. Les génisses étaient moins lourdes (P < 0,001) que les bouvillons à l'abattage, mais elles présentaient plus de gras dorsal (P < 0,5) et un meilleur persillé (P < 0,05). La race influe sur le poids à l'abattage (P < 0,001) et une couche de gras dorsal d'épaisseur moyenne (P < 0,001), les hybrides Wagyu/Angus et Wagyu/Hereford et les Hereford purs se caractérisant généralement par une couche plus épaisse de gras dorsal et un poids plus faible à l'abattage que les autres croisements ou races pures. L'état du persillé n'est pas affecté par la race (P > 0,1), bien que les hybrides Wagyu présentent un meilleur persillé (P < 0,05) que les sujets de race pure quand on ne tient pas compte des variations attribuables aux fluctuations de l'épaisseur du gras dorsal. La concentration de cortisol, de T3 et de T4 dans le sang est affectée par la race du veau, même si aucune tendance ne se dessine clairement pour telle ou telle race ou certains croisements. On note une légère tendance (P < 0,2) à la hausse de la concentration d'insuline et à la baisse de la concentration de cortisol, de T3 et de T4 chez quelques groupes de veaux présentant une couche de gras dorsal plus épaisse. Tous les groupes caractérisés par un meilleur persillé sauf un présentaient une concentration moyenne plus élevée (P < 0,05) de T3 et de T4. Les hormones de la glande thyroïde pourraient donc jouer un rôle à ce niveau chez les bovins.

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Section: Sex Effectssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sex Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Wagyu genetics on marbling, backfat and circulating hormones in cattle

Mears¹,

Mir²,

Bailey³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…In comparison, the average carcass in the United States had a small amount of marbling (52.7% graded Choice, 2.3% Prime), and a USDA Yield Grade 2 (National Beef Quality Audit 1992). A Canadian survey found that 20.6% of carcasses had small or greater marbling (AAA), 57.9% had slight marbling (AA) and 20.4% had traces of marbling (Jones et al 1991); following changes to the grading system, the proportion of AAA carcasses increased slightly (S. G. Talbot, unpublished data, 1994).…”

Section: Quality and Yield Gradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian, American, and Japanese carcass grades of heifers fed to heavy weights to enhance marbling

Dubeski¹,

Jones²,

Aalhus³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Japanese carcass grades of heifers fattened to heavy weights to enhance marbling. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: [393][394][395][396][397][398][399][400][401][402]. Yield and quality grades were measured in two studies evaluating common breeds (Angus, Hereford, Hereford × Angus and Holstein) and nutrition programs for production of highly marbled beef for the Japanese market. Weaned heifer calves (n = 221, initial weight 265 kg) were slaughtered at 500, 590, and 680 kg in exp. 1. In exp. 2, yearling heifers (n = 216, initial weight 395 kg) were slaughtered at 590 and 680 kg. Cattle were assigned to either a high plane of nutrition (HP) until slaughter or to a moderate plane of nutrition until 500 kg (exp. 1) or 550 kg (exp. 2), followed by HP to slaughter (MHP). Carcasses were graded at the Japanese (6/7th rib) and Canadian/US (12/13th rib) grading sites. Extended feeding of heifers from the three beef breeds for 199 to 474 d and to slaughter weights up to 680 kg enhanced marbling at the cost of very poor USDA and Canada yield grades (extremely fat carcasses). Most carcasses had sufficient marbling to qualify for Canada AAA or USDA Choice quality grades, but only achieved average Japanese quality grades. Carcasses were frequently downgraded by the Japanese grading system because of coarse marbling texture, poor fat texture, and soft or coarse muscle texture, especially at the higher slaughter weights. Compared with the beef breeds, Holsteins produced leaner carcasses with at least as much marbling, and had superior Japanese quality grades, similar Japanese yield grades, and superior Canadian and US yield grades. However, carcasses with dairy conformation may be subjectively downgraded by grading systems in most countries, including Japan. Feeding early-maturing cattle high grain diets to excessive slaughter weights was not effective in producing beef with sufficient marbling to achieve the highest Japanese (5) or US (Prime) quality grades, but produced carcasses that were too fat for North American markets.

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Effects of corn grain particle size and treated soybean meal on carcass and meat quality characteristics of beef steers finished on a corn silage diet

et al. 2011

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A survey of marbling fat in Canadian beef carcasses

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Wagyu genetics on marbling, backfat and circulating hormones in cattle

Effect of Wagyu genetics on marbling, backfat and circulating hormones in cattle

Canadian, American, and Japanese carcass grades of heifers fed to heavy weights to enhance marbling

Effects of corn grain particle size and treated soybean meal on carcass and meat quality characteristics of beef steers finished on a corn silage diet

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