A Survey of Lungworm Infection in Bighorn Sheep of Montana

Forrester, Donald J.; Senger, Clyde M.

doi:10.2307/3798201

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Little is known of what determines counts of Protostrongylus larvae. Forrester & Senger (1964) and Uhazy, Holmes & Stelfox (1973) suggested that larval counts were correlated with the number of lungworm-induced lung lesions. There is no evidence, however, that larval counts are strongly correlated with infection intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences, Parasites, and the Costs of Reproduction for Bighorn Ewes (Ovis canadensis)

Festa‐Bianchet¹

1989

The Journal of Animal Ecology

228

144

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The consequences of reproduction for subsequent survival and reproductive success of individually marked bighorn ewes (Ovis canadensis) were examined over 8 years in southwestern Alberta, Canada. (2) Ewes that raised sons did not experience a decrease in reproductive success the following year, but their faecal output of lungworm (Protostrongylus spp.) larvae increased relative to ewes that raised daughters. (3) Ewes were seldom known to produce sons in consecutive years. Because lamb sex was not determined at birth, this result could be explained by either an alteration of the birth sex ratio, or differential mortality of sons born in the year after their mother had produced a son. (4) Ewes that lactated at 2 years of age appeared to be in better condition, and were more likely to lactate at 3 years of age, than ewes that did not lactate at 2 years. Overall, reproductive success in one year did not aversely affect reproduction the following year. (5) Lactating ewes had greater faecal counts of lungworm larvae than non-lactating ewes. Ewes that had produced a lamb at 2 years of age were more likely to die during a pneumonia epizootic than ewes that had not lambed at 2 years. A decrease in resistance to parasites and pathogens appears to be a consequence of reproduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences, Parasites, and the Costs of Reproduction for Bighorn Ewes (Ovis canadensis)

Festa‐Bianchet¹

1989

The Journal of Animal Ecology

228

144

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“…Although the term "lungworm pneumonia complex" is used to describe these events, there has been little evidence in the literature for a direct causative relationship between the presence of increased amounts of lungworm and outbreaks of pneumonia (Foreyt and Jessup 1982;Spraker et al 1984;Onderka and Wishart 1984;Samson et al 1987). Some evidence has been presented to indicate that in some circumstances lungworm infection in bighorn sheep acts as a predisposing factor to bacterial pneumonia (Forrester and Senger 1964;Spraker and Hibler 1982 Wishart and Brochu (1982): L Upper molar (length) series or upper tooth row -greatest alveolar length of combined upper molars and premolars M Lower molar (length) series or lower tooth row --greatest alveolar length of combined lower molars and premolars W Basisphenoid-crown height --greatest distance between the highest point of the crown between the horn cores, and the point on the basisphenoid near its junction with the prephenoid X Occiput-frontal length --least distance between the superior lip of the foramen magnum and the centre of the frontals in line with the two frontal foramina Z Naso-cranial length -least distance between the midline of the anterior end of the nasals and the depression of the parieta parietals in adult males or to the parietal crest in female and juveniles Tab 12 Transformed log (x+l) LPG values for ewes (>2 years) and rams >3 years) for the winter and summer months 1985 to 1986 the immunity or resistance level of individual sheep, and thus making a population susceptible to epidemic disease include: loss or deterioration of range, inclement weather, crowding, deep snow, poor nutrition, and parasite levels (Spraker and Hibler 1982;Schwantje 1986). Pneumonia dieoffs in sheep with many etiological agents has been recently termed "respiratory disease complex of bighorn sheep" (Onderka and Wishart 1984).…”

Section: Population Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ideal grassland would be well-drained with little opportunity for water to pool for long periods. Increased terrestrial snail (secondary host for Protostrongylidae larvae) activity has been associated with extended wet weather (Forrester and Senger 1964).…”

Section: Design For Mountain Habitat Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain restoration: Soil and surface wildlife habitat

MacCullum¹,

Geist

1992

GeoJournal

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Much wildlife habitat is being destroyed by extractive resource industries in mountain environments. This article illustrates how mountain wildlife habitat was restored in a devastated area. A strip mine for coal on the east slopes of the Alberta Rockies, occupied during its operations by Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis, Shaw 1803), was reclaimed as bighorn habitat. By considering the behaviour and habitat requirements of bighorns in conjunction 'with an operating coal mine and reclamation process, a large coal mining company has been able to reconstruct the mine site restoration to benefit mountain sheep. Although bighorn habitat requirements are well known, it was not until the animal and its requirements were studied against the backdrop of an operating coal mine that obvious recommendations regarding the maintenance and placement of high steep excavated rock faces were made and accepted by the government regulatory agencies. An open pit mine is a devastated landscape; trees, soil and overburden are removed to retrieve coal that may be up to 215 m underground. Overburden and soil are returned, but the disturbance compares to the barren landscapes left behind by glaciers. Contouring of the land, grading of overburden and soil, seeding with grass and legume mixtures and extensive fertilization are designed to speed plant colonization and soil development. By examining the bighorn's biological needs with respect to specific mining operations, a unique opportunity arose to employ McHarg's "design with nature" concept. This approach incorporates environmental and societal values into every aspect of development, and promotes the evaluation of the constraints and opportunities arising. The sheep numbered about 200. Their seasonal movements were similar to those found on native ranges. They used the reclaimed areas as winter range and for the mineral licks exposed during mining; in summer, the sheep moved to nearby alpine areas. Two thirds of all sightings were confined to 1.3 km 2 of reclaimed grassland; its average productivity (4190 kg/ha) exceeded native ranges (1700 kg/ ha). The body mass of female sheep in autumn equalled that of the largest in Alberta, but the skull dimensions were not larger than those on adjacent ranges. Infestation with lungworms was moderate. Lamb production and survival were high. Design criteria should be: feeding areas should be dry and lie within 300 m of escape terrain, which should have a slope of 40% and contain at least three benches. Rock piles should be placed on grazing areas. Mineral licks, a vital welfare factor, already existed within the high walls created by strip mining.

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“…In domesticated pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) stomach worms may cause growth retardment and sometimes even death (30). Lungworms can damage the lung tissue irreversibly and may initiate secondary (bacterial or viral ) infections (11,22,30,31). In domestic pigs lungworms can be a direct cause of death (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%