A survey of large scale applications of superconductivity in the US

Birmingham, B. W.; Smith, C.N.

doi:10.1016/0011-2275(76)90090-4

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Large, helium-cooled superconducting electromagnets are used for bubble chambers, for bending and deflecting magnets in particle accelerators, for plasma confinement in fusion reactors, and for magnetohydrodynamic power generators (122). Experimental systems using superconducting coils to levitate high speed vehicles magnetically have been investigated (123).…”

Section: Electronic the Largest Use Of Noble Gases In The Electronicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental systems using superconducting coils to levitate high speed vehicles magnetically have been investigated (123). Superconducting windings have been built for motors and generators (124), and experimental superconducting cables have been built for direct (dc) and ac power transmission (122). Smaller superconducting magnets are used for magnetic separating devices (125) and in certain instruments requiring intense, stable, and uniform fields (see SEPARATION, MAGNETIC SEPARATION).…”

Section: Electronic the Largest Use Of Noble Gases In The Electronicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noble Gases

Hwang¹,

Lein²,

Morgan³

2005

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The noble gases are characterized by completely filled valence electron shells. Helium, argon, and neon are commercially available, but krypton, xenon, and radon are quite rare. Principal uses of commercial helium include those as a lifting gas, as an inert carrier gas, and as a cryogenic refrigerant. Helium‐3 and helium‐4, which are both stable isotopes used in cryogenics, differ significantly in their liquid properties because of quantum mechanical effects. Argon finds use principally as an inert gas in industries ranging from electronic ones to steelmaking. Neon is employed as a filling gas in detection chambers and in light sources from commercial signs to lasers. Sources and properties of these gases are discussed. Production of helium from natural gas, and of argon and neon from air separation plants, is presented.

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Section: Electronic the Largest Use Of Noble Gases In The Electronicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electronic the Largest Use Of Noble Gases In The Electronicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noble Gases

Hwang¹,

Lein²,

Morgan³

2005

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Helium Group Gases

Hwang¹,

Weltmer²

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The helium‐group gases are characterized by completely filled valence electron shells. Helium, argon, and neon are commercially available, but krypton, xenon, and radon are quite rare. Principal uses of commercial helium include those as a lifting gas, as an inert carrier gas, and as a cryogenic refrigerant. Helium‐3 and helium‐4, which are both stable isotopes used in cryogenics, differ significantly in their liquid properties because of quantum mechanical effects. Argon finds use principally as an inert gas in industries ranging from electronic ones to steelmaking. Neon is employed as a filling gas in detection chambers and in light sources from commercial signs to lasers.Sources and properties of these gases are discussed. Production of helium from natural gas, and of argon and neon from air separation plants, is presented.

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