A survey of fog and related optical propagation characteristics

Stewart, Dorathy A.; Essenwanger, Oskar M.

doi:10.1029/rg020i003p00481

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The development of radiation fog is often described as a typical life cycle regarding fog properties with consecutive evolutionary stages (e.g. Lala et al, 1982;Stewart and Essenwanger, 1982;Juisto and Lala, 1983). Variations in the microphysical character of radiation fog have been tied to various stages defining the life cycle of radiation fog.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of a method for the objective differentiation of fog life cycle phases

Maier

Bendix

Thies

2013

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C T An objective classification of radiation fog in distinct evolutionary stages during its life cycle based on reliable criteria is essential for various applications, for example for numerical fog modelling and fog forecasting. However, there have been Á up to now Á merely qualitative approaches for the distinction of different evolutionary stages in radiation fog. Measurements of the microphysical fog properties with an optical particle counter obtained from droplet measurement technologies together with recordings of the horizontal visibility (VIS) are statistically analyzed to determine individual evolutionary stages of radiation fog with consistent microphysical properties. The developed three-stage approach is based on a statistical change point analysis of the double sum curves of the VIS, the liquid water content, the droplet concentration and the mean radius of the drop size distributions. It could be shown that each of the three recorded radiation fog occurrences could be split into three consecutive phases from formation to dissipation, regardless whether the VIS or the microphysical properties were considered. Having featured consistent microphysical patterns, it could be assumed that the three separated phases of the single fog occurrence could be aggregated for radiation fog. Although this classification is statistically reliable, the dataset still has to be extended for a generalization concerning the separated evolutionary stages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of a method for the objective differentiation of fog life cycle phases

Maier

Bendix

Thies

2013

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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“…Mean wind speeds in fog are lower than overall mean wind speeds at most locations [21 ]. This happens because radiational cooling is more effective when wind speeds are low.…”

Section: Possible Explanations Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Various properties of fog have been examined during the past few years [6,7,8,20,21 ]. A survey of fog and related optical propagation charac-288 Dorathy A. Stewart teristics was given by Stewart and Essenwanger [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A survey of fog and related optical propagation charac-288 Dorathy A. Stewart teristics was given by Stewart and Essenwanger [21]. A later report [20] discussed urban effects on trends of water vapor content in fog.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is not possible to relate the present investigation directly to the work of others. However, much information is available concerning the behavior of the atmosphere during the formation of fog [6,8,20,21,23], and this can be used to develop hypotheses about the causes of observed trends. Some of these are discussed in the final section of this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends of wind speed in fog

Stewart

1984

Arch. Met. Geoph. Biocl., Ser. B

Self Cite

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SummaryTrends of mean wind speed during fog at some German stations illustrate that variations of a meteorological variable under certain specified conditions may differ considerably from the overall direction of change. The differences between overall mean wind speeds and mean speeds in fog during fall and winter at Berlin, Frankfurt, and Bitburg show a tendency to decrease over periods of 2-3 decades. Because the largest trends are for Berlin and Frankfurt in winter, localized urban effects are more likely to be responsible than large-scale climatic changes. Frequency distributions of wind speed at Berlin and Frankfurt are consistent with the hypothesis that the urban heat island influences the results. Atmospheric pollution may also be relevant. Zusammenfassung Der Trend der Windgeschwindigkeit bei Nebel

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Prediction of drop size distribution parameters for optical wireless communications through moderate continental fog

Awan

Nebuloni

Capsoni

et al. 2010

Satell Commun Network

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Wireless optical communication links (OCL), or free space optics links involving optical ground stations are highly influenced by the earth atmosphere due to the interaction of the optical wave with particles of different size and shape. Fog, clouds, rain and snow cause significant signal attenuation, thus limiting the performance of OCL. In this paper, we consider the behavior of OCL in the troposphere under moderate continental fog conditions, which are important for both ground-ground and ground-space OCL. The impact of the droplet size distribution (DSD) of fog is investigated, by processing laser attenuation measurements carried out in Milan (Italy) and Graz (Austria). Significant differences are observed between measured and predicted attenuation when using standard values for the DSD parameters. Hence, new sets of DSD parameters are proposed to model peak, mean and median values of measured attenuation for moderate continental fog. These, in turn, can be useful to make accurate link availability predictions, thus improving the quality of service design for OCL.

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A survey of fog and related optical propagation characteristics

Cited by 40 publications

References 97 publications

Development and application of a method for the objective differentiation of fog life cycle phases

Development and application of a method for the objective differentiation of fog life cycle phases

Trends of wind speed in fog

Prediction of drop size distribution parameters for optical wireless communications through moderate continental fog

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