A Survey of Essential Anatomy from the Perspective of Anesthesiology, Emergency Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Orthopedics Resident Physicians

Abstract

Background Recent changes in anatomy curricula in undergraduate medical education (UME), including pedagogical changes and reduced time, pose challenges for foundational learning. Consequently, it is important to determine the essential content for an effective anatomy curriculum. Methods This study surveyed 55 non-primary care residents in anesthesiology (AN; N = 6), emergency medicine (EM; N = 15), obstetrics and gynecology (OB; N = 13), and orthopedics (OR; N = 21) to assess the importance of 907 anatomical structures across all anatomical regions. Survey ratings by participants were converted into a post-hoc classification system to provide end-users of this data with an intuitive and useful classification system for categorizing individual anatomical structures (i.e., essential, more important, less important, not important). Results Significant variability was observed in the classifications of essential anatomy: 29.1% of all structures were considered essential by OB residents, 37.6% for AN residents, 41.6% for EM residents, and 72.0% for OR residents. Significant differences (with large effect sizes) were also observed between residency groups: OR residents rated anatomy of the back, limbs, and pelvis and perineum anatomy common to both sexes significantly higher, whereas OB residents rated the pelvis and perineum anatomy common to both sexes and anatomy for individuals assigned female at birth highest. Agreement in classifications of importance among residents was observed for selected anatomical structures in the thorax, abdomen, pelvis and perineum (assigned male at birth-specific anatomy), and head and neck. As with the ratings of anatomical structures, OR residents had the highest classification across all nine tissue types (p < 0.01). Conclusions The present study, in combination with Hankin et al. (2023), which surveyed primary care residents, contributes to a database of anatomical structures assessed from a clinical perspective that may be considered when determining foundational anatomy for UME curriculum, as well as for graduate medical education.