A Survey of Energy Conservation Schemes for Present and Next Generation Passive Optical Networks

Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Idrus, Sevia Mahdaliza; Zulkifli, Nadiatulhuda; Ashraf, Muhammad Waqar

doi:10.12720/jcm.13.3.129-138

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…All the aforementioned surveys are published until 2016. More recently, Butt et al [29] have made a survey on energy saving approaches used in conventional PONs. In contrast to our work, they study a few IEEE and ITU-T standards for PON energy saving and review only few works that use sleep mode approach for energy conservation in TDM-PONs and TWDM-PONs without a detailed discussion and critical analysis.…”

Section: A Existing Surveys and Tutorials On Energy Conservation In Ponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Conservation in Passive Optical Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

Newaz,

Ahvar,

Ahsan

et al. 2024

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Section: A Existing Surveys and Tutorials On Energy Conservation In Ponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Conservation in Passive Optical Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

Newaz,

Ahvar,

Ahsan

et al. 2024

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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“…Energy conservation schemes presented for PON can be classified as either OLTbased or ONT-based [17]. The OLT-based schemes focus on reducing power consumption of the OLT; however, there are very few such schemes: Elastic OLT [18], Master-Slave configuration [11], and OLT port sharing [19].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pure medium access layer (MAC)-based schemes that do not require any physical changes in the ONT are the sleep mode schemes: cyclic sleep mode (CSM)) [24], sleep and periodic wake up (SPW) [25][26][27], cyclic doze mode (CDM) [28,29], and watchful sleep mode (WSM) [30,31]. The reader is referred to [17] for a comprehensive recent review of the PON energy conservation schemes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Energy Savings with Adaptive Watchful Sleep Mode for Next Generation Passive Optical Network

et al. 2022

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A single watchful sleep mode (WSM) combines the features of both cyclic sleep mode (CSM) and cyclic doze mode (CDM) in a single process by periodically turning ON and OFF the optical receiver (RX) of the optical network terminal (ONT) in a symmetric manner. This results in almost the same energy savings for the ONTs as achieved by the CSM process while significantly reducing the upstream delays. However, in this study we argue that the periodic ON and OFF periods of the ONT RX is not an energy efficient approach, as it reduces the ONT Asleep (AS) state time. Instead, this study proposes an adaptive watchful sleep mode (AWSM) in which the RX ON time of ONT is minimized during ONT Watch state by choosing it according to the length of the traffic queue of the type 1 (T1) traffic class. The performance of AWSM is compared with standard WSM and CSM schemes. The investigation reveals that by minimizing the RX ON time, the AWSM scheme achieves up to 71% average energy saving per ONT at low traffic loads. The comparative study results show that the ONT energy savings achieved by AWSM are 9% higher than the symmetric WSM with almost the same delay and delay variance performance.

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“…The ONU consumes around 60% of the power in the PON, thus, most of the energy conservation schemes in PON target the ONU and only a few studies have addressed the OLT energy efficiency (Dutta et al 2018;Pakpahan et al 2017). The ONU based energy schemes for PON can be categorized into three approaches; Cyclic Sleep Mode (CSM) (Butt et al 2018a;Mohammed et al 2020), Adaptive Link Rate (ALR) (Garg and Janyani 2017) and ONU processing optimization (Butt et al 2018b;Ayhan et al 2015). For example the study in Xiong et al (2017) uses load adaptive wavelength activation approach.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep-aware wavelength and bandwidth assignment scheme for TWDM PON

et al. 2021

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The energy efficiency and delay performance of PON are two inversely related phenomena. Higher sleep time of the Optical Network Units (ONUs) results in higher upstream (US) delays due to increased traffic queues during the ONU Asleep state. Although an efficient dynamic bandwidth and wavelength assignment (DWBA) scheme can decrease US delays by minimizing the bandwidth waste and improving the fairness of bandwidth distribution among the ONUs. However, the conventional DWBA schemes are not designed to work with cyclic sleep mode (CSM) and they keep on assigning bandwidth to ONUs even if the ONU is in Asleep state leading to wastage of bandwidth and degraded CSM performance. Therefore, in this work a sleep aware DWBA scheme for TWDM PON is presented to coordinate with CSM mode. It only assign bandwidth to Active ONUs during the guaranteed phase, surplus phase and excess phase allocation phases which minimizes the bandwidth waste and the bandwidth lost at the ONU end. The wavelength switching process is also improved by only considering the Active state ONUs to balance the traffic load on all the wavelengths. The simulation results support our claim as the SA-DWBA scheme on average achieves DWBA schemes due to up to 50% to 65% higher energy savings compared to other due to longer ONU Asleep times. However, the increased upstream delays of all the traffic classes in SA-DWBA scheme remain within the set delay limit of 50 ms.

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A Survey of Energy Conservation Schemes for Present and Next Generation Passive Optical Networks

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Energy Conservation in Passive Optical Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

Energy Conservation in Passive Optical Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

Enhanced Energy Savings with Adaptive Watchful Sleep Mode for Next Generation Passive Optical Network

Sleep-aware wavelength and bandwidth assignment scheme for TWDM PON

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