A survey of drinking water supplies in the Province of Ontario for dioxins and furans

Jobb, B.; Uza, M.; Hunsinger, Ronald; Roberts, Kenneth J.; Tosine, H.; Clement, R.E.; Bobbie, B.; LeBel, Guy L.; Williams, Dennis E.; Lau, Boris L. T.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(90)90312-h

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Moreover, Urbaniak et al (2014a) reported lower average OCDD levels in the outlet from the 17 wastewater treatment plants located in the Pilica River catchment during the flooding period: the levels did not exceed 15.3%, compared with 62.8% during stable hydrological conditions. Similar results have been observed by Rappe et al (1989), Jobb et al (1990), and Chen et al (2008), who reported that OCDD and octachlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) predominate as an effect of domestic and industrial wastewater inflow. Hence, it is reasonable to attribute the higher concentrations of OCDD in the Pilica River found during low water flow to the impact of wastewater.…”

Section: Isomer Distribution Of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-pdioxins and supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Although many worldwide studies have addressed the occurrence of PCDDs and PCDFs in river waters of the United States (Jobb et al, 1990; Lohmann et al, 2000; Suarez et al, 2006), Europe (Rappe et al, 1989; Kutz et al, 1990; Gotz et al, 1994; Castro‐Jiménez et al, 2008), and Asia (Maystrenko et al, 1998; Kim et al, 2002; Kakimoto et al, 2006; Liu et al, 2008; Chi et al, 2011; Minomo et al, 2011; Thuan et al, 2011; Nie et al, 2013), very few data exist about their presence in Polish water bodies (Urbaniak et al, 2012b, 2014a, 2014b). Because these compounds have great environmental significance, greater knowledge is required of the levels, distribution, patterns, and loads of PCDDs and PCDFs in Polish rivers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

et al. 2015

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Persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are environmental contaminants that have widespread distribution and pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. We conducted a study to quantify the distribution, patterns, and transport of PCDDs and PCDFs along the Pilica River in central Poland under different hydrological conditions to estimate the loads of these compounds and understand their fate in aquatic systems. Water samples were collected at five sampling points along the river that represent a range of hydrological conditions including flooding and stable and low water flows. Reduced river water flow was associated with lower average total and toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PCDDs plus PCDFs: 33.6 pg L and 4.21 pg TEQ L for flooding; 28.3 pg L and 3.6 pg TEQ L for stable flow; 18.4 pg L and 1.0 pg TEQ L for low-water flow. Similar results were observed for daily loadings of total and TEQ concentrations: the highest values were observed during flooding (331.1-839.4 mg d and 27.8-110.7 mg TEQ d), medium under stable hydrological conditions (55.8-121.0 mg d and 7.7-15.3 mg TEQ d), and the lowest values during low water flow (30.9 and 40.3 mg d and 1.4-2.4 mg TEQ d). The results demonstrate that diffuse sources of pollution play a key role during periods of high water flow (i.e., flooding season), whereas point sources of pollution, including municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant discharges, mainly determine the PCDD and PCDF concentrations seen during low water periods.

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Section: Isomer Distribution Of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-pdioxins and supporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

et al. 2015

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“…Therefore, it appears that PCPPs and PCDDs are formed mainly due to condensation reactions that occur after the chlorination of the phenolic substances in the water supplies and wastes. 2,3) This hypothesis has been directly supported by our previous findings that demonstrated that phenolic compounds react with chlorine to form the condensation products of their chlorinated compounds. [4][5][6][7][8] Recently, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) have attracted attention because the presence of these compounds in human milk has been shown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Although the discussion of the origin of PCPPs and PCDDs have been focused on in the two above mentioned potential sources, several works have demonstrated the presence of PCDDs in municipal sewage sludge 2) and sedimentation-basin sludge from water treatment plants. 3) Chlorination is used extensively in wastewater treatment to disinfect and deodorize effluents prior to discharge, particularly in place where wastewater may subsequently be used for recreational pur- * To whom correspondence should addressed: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan. Tel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Polyhalogenated 4-Methylphenol Dimers (Br/Cl-Predioxins) Formed during Aqueous Chlorination of 4-Methylphenol Solution in the Presence of Bromide Ion

Onodera

Takahashi

Takemoto

et al. 2008

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Aqueous 4-methylphenol solution with bromide ion was treated with hypochlorite at 20• C under various experimental conditions. Changes in the composition of the halogenated products in water were determined by gas chromatographic (GC) and GC-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analyses of diethyl ether extracts. 4-Methylphenol was shown to produce a variety of halogenated compounds, including polybrominated/chlorinated phenoxyphenols (Br/Cl-predioxins), having one to four halogen atoms, as by-products in the chlorine-treated water. Production of these predioxins is dependent on the number of equivalent of chlorine atoms per mole of compound and on the reaction pH. These results suggest that the chlorine treatment of water contaminated with 4-methylphenol and bromide ion leads to the formation of Br/Cl-predioxins, which are precursor of the highly toxic halogenated dibenzo-pdioxins.

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“…La NDMA fue inicialmente descubierta en aguas potables desinfectadas mediante cloración en Ontario, Canadá (Jobb et al, 1994). Normalmente se presenta en niveles de bajos ng L -1 en aguas cloradas/cloraminadas, pero puede formarse en niveles muy superiores en aguas residuales desinfectadas mediante cloración.…”

Section: N-nitrosaminasunclassified

Dinámica de microcontaminantes orgánicos en aguas de riego aagrícola y su incorporación potencial en especies vegetales de interés agronómico

Preciado¹

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Climatic change and a swift population and industrial growth have caused a severe decrease in the available freshwater resources. In the management of water scarceness the use of sustainable alternatives that improve the preservation of this vital resource becomes essential. A great example of a sustainable alternative is the use of reclaimed water in agricultural irrigation; since agricultural activities represent the world’s largest consumption of freshwater. The work carried out and compiled in this Thesis can be divided in two main sections; the first of which is focused on the evaluation of the chemical quality of waters used in agricultural irrigation and their impact on irrigated crops. In the second section the uptake of organic micropollutants is evaluated by means of two model plants. The target compounds included in the studies encompassed in this Thesis belong to different chemical classes, namely: pharmaceuticals and personal care products, prioritary pollutants and disinfection byproducts. Previously developed and validated analytical methodologies were employed in the determination of these compounds in water matrices; however in this Thesis a new analytical methodology for the determination of emergent micropollutants in vegetable matrices was developed and optimized. In the first section of this Thesis the chemical quality of irrigation waters of two agricultural regions of Catalonia, Torroella de Montgrí (TM) and Parc Agrari del Baix Llobregat (PABL), was evaluated. In TM an evaluation of river (Ter River) and reclaimed (WWTP-TM) waters was carried out. Even though, the river water displayed a higher frequency of detection or organic micropollutants, the total concentration of these compounds was superior in the WWTP-TM effluent. Alfalfa and apple crops irrigated with these waters showed quantifiable concentrations of 5 organic micropollutants (i.e., ibuprofen, naproxen, methyl dihydrojasmonate, caffeine and tonalide). In PABL, the application of two mathematical models was used to estimate the theoretical plant tissue concentration according to the concentration of the organic micropollutants present in the irrigation water. The models were further validated by comparing the theoretical plant tissue concentration obtained with their application with the experimental tissue concentration of the TM crops. The second part of this Thesis was concerned with evaluating the in vitro root incorporation of 6 organic micropollutants in two model plants (spath and lettuce). The uptake process of the target analytes and their posterior detoxification within the plant was characterized by calculating the kinetic constants of such processes. The physicochemical properties of the studied compounds (i.e., molecular mass and log Kow) were found to be determinant. The in vitro foliar incorporation of 11 target analytes in lettuce heart’s leaves was also undertaken. Relative humidity did not exert an statistically significant repercussion in the sorption of the studied compounds. However, the compound’s solubility, volatility and polarity were found to be statistically significant in such process. En los últimos años el cambio climático y el vertiginoso crecimiento poblacional e industrial han provocado la reducción de los recursos hídricos disponibles. Es por ello que el uso de alternativas sostenibles que permitan la conservación de este recurso resulta imprescindible. Un ejemplo es la implementación del uso de agua regenerada para riego agrícola. No obstante, la presencia de microcontaminantes orgánicos en estas aguas puede resultar en un riesgo potencial para la salud humana. El trabajo realizado y compilado en la presente Tesis se divide en dos grandes apartados; el primero se centra en la evaluación de la calidad química de las aguas de riego agrícola y su impacto sobre los cultivos irrigados; mientras que en el segundo, se evalúa la incorporación de microcontaminantes en plantas modelo. Los analitos diana considerados en este trabajo pertenecen a diversas clases de compuestos químicos: fármacos y productos de cuidado personal, contaminantes prioritarios y subproductos de desinfección. Para la determinación de estos compuestos en matrices acuosas, se emplearon metodologías desarrolladas en estudios anteriores. Sin embargo, en esta Tesis se desarrolló y optimizó una metodología analítica específica para la determinación de microcontaminantes orgánicos en material vegetal. En la primera parte de la Tesis se evaluó la calidad química de las aguas utilizadas para el riego de dos zonas agrícolas de Cataluña: Torroella de Montgrí (TM) y el Parc Agrari del Baix Llobregat (PABL). En TM se evaluaron aguas de riego de origen fluvial (río Ter) y regeneradas (efluente de la EDAR-TM). Aunque la frecuencia de detección de microcontaminantes orgánicos fue mayor en el agua de río, la concentración total de éstos fue superior en el efluente de la EDAR-TM. Los cultivos de alfalfa y manzana irrigados con estas aguas mostraron concentraciones cuantificables de 5 microcontaminantes orgánicos (ibuprofeno, naproxeno, metil dihidrojasmonato, cafeína y tonalida). En PABL, la aplicación de dos modelos matemáticos permitió el cálculo de la concentración teórica en el tejido del cultivo en base a la concentración de los microcontaminantes presentes en el agua de riego. Los modelos se validaron mediante la comparación de la concentración teórica obtenida de la aplicación de los modelos con la concentración experimental presente en los cultivos de TM. En la segunda parte de la Tesis se evalúo la incorporación radicular in vitro de 6 microcontaminantes orgánicos en dos plantas modelo (espatifilo y lechuga). Se caracterizó el proceso de incorporación de los analitos en el tejido vegetal y su posterior detoxicación mediante el cálculo de las constantes cinéticas de tales procesos; siendo las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los analitos (masa molecular y log Kow) determinantes. Finalmente, se evaluó la incorporación foliar in vitro de 11 microcontaminantes orgánicos en cogollos de lechuga. Aunque la humedad relativa no tuvo una repercusión estadísticamente significativa en la sorción de los analitos diana en la hoja, si la tuvieron la solubilidad, volatilidad y polaridad de éstos. En el darrers anys la pressió sobre els recursos hídrics s’ha incrementat degut al canvi climàtic i a un creixement poblacional i industrial desmesurat. És per això que l’ús d’alternatives sostenibles que permetin la conservació d’aquest recurs són imprescindibles. Un clar exemple és la implementació de l’ús d’aigua regenerada per al reg agrícola. Malgrat això, la presència de microcontaminants orgànics en aquestes aigües pot resultar en un risc potencial per a la salut humana. L’estudi realitzat i compilat en aquesta Tesi es divideix en dos grans apartats; el primer es centra en l’avaluació de la qualitat química de les aigües de reg agrícola i el seu impacte en els respectius cultius, mentre el segon avalua la incorporació de microcontaminants en plantes model. Els analits diana considerats en aquest treball pertanyen a diverses classes de compostos químics: fàrmacs i productes d’higiene personal, contaminants prioritaris i subproductes de desinfecció. Per a la determinació d’aquests compostos en matrius aquoses es van utilitzar metodologies analítiques anteriorment desenvolupades pel grup de recerca. Malgrat això, en aquesta Tesi es va desenvolupar i validar una metodologia analítica específica per a la determinació de microcontamiannts orgànics en material vegetal. En la primera part de la Tesi s’avaluà la qualitat química de les aigües utilitzades per al reg de dos zones agrícoles de Catalunya: Torroella de Montgrí (TM) i el Parc Agrari del Baix Llobregat (PABL). A TM s’avaluaren aigües de reg d’origen fluvial (riu Ter) i regenerades (efluent EDAR-TM). Tot i que la freqüència de detecció de microcontaminants orgànics va ser major en l’aigua de riu, la concentració total d’aquests va ser superior en l’aigua regenerada. Els cultius d’alfals i poma regats amb aquesta aigua mostraren concentracions quantificables de 5 microcontaminants orgànics (ibuprofèn, naproxèn, metil dihidrojasmonat, cafeïna i tonalida). A PABL, l’aplicació de dos models matemàtics va permetre el càlcul de la concentració teòrica en el teixit del cultiu en base a la concentració dels microcontaminants presents en l’aigua de reg. Els models foren validats mitjançant la comparació de la concentració teòrica obtinguda de l’aplicació dels models amb la concentració experimental present en els cultius de TM. En la segona part de la Tesi es va avaluar la incorporació radicular in vitro de 6 microcontaminants orgànics en dues plantes model (espatifil·li i enciam). Es caracteritzà el procés d’incorporació dels analits en el teixit vegetal i la seva posterior detoxificació mitjançant el càlcul de les respectives constants cinètiques, essent les propietats fisicoquímiques (massa molecular y log Kow) dels analits determinants. Finalment, s’avaluà la incorporació foliar in vitro d’ 11 microcontaminants orgànics en fulles d’enciam. Tot i que la humitat relativa no va tenir una repercussió estadísticament significativa en la sorció dels analits diana en la fulla, sí la tingueren la solubilitat, la volatilitat i la polaritat d’aquests.

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A survey of drinking water supplies in the Province of Ontario for dioxins and furans

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

Characterization of Polyhalogenated 4-Methylphenol Dimers (Br/Cl-Predioxins) Formed during Aqueous Chlorination of 4-Methylphenol Solution in the Presence of Bromide Ion

Dinámica de microcontaminantes orgánicos en aguas de riego aagrícola y su incorporación potencial en especies vegetales de interés agronómico

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