“…Soil biota such as earthworms, ants, fossorial vertebrates, among others, continuously mix and displace particles, including artifacts, through burrowing and mounding, which tend to displace larger objects downward (Wood and Johnson, 1978) and smaller objects upward (Robertson and Johnson, 2001). Additional displacement occurs through tree-uprooting, which tends to translocate objects up-ward (Wood and Johnson, 1978). 2 As a result of bioturbation, any artifact dropped onto the surface of a soil is subjected to translocation processes soon after it hits the surface.…”