A Survey of Digital Eye Strain in Gaze-Based Interactive Systems

Hirzle, Teresa; Cordts, Maurice; Rukzio, Enrico; Bulling, Andreas

doi:10.1145/3379155.3391313

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Two example applications of blinkbased control are the study by Xiao et al (2019) that presented a technique where users can issue commands to the system, to control a VR-based music-on-demand system, by blinking in synchrony with a target button from several flashing buttons; and the study by Kumar and Sharma (2016) that proposed a technique where users could control a game using various blink commands including blink, double blink and wink eye movements. Requiring users to alter their natural blink rate, however, can cause eye strain, dry eyes and eye fatigue in users (Hirzle et al 2020). Subjective results from the study by Kumar and Sharma (2016) also indicate that frequent blinking and winking leads to eye fatigue in users.…”

Section: System Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Tracking in Virtual Reality: a Broad Review of Applications and Challenges

2023

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Eye tracking is becoming increasingly available in head-mounted virtual reality displays with various headsets with integrated eye trackers already commercially available. The applications of eye tracking in virtual reality are highly diversified and span multiple disciplines. As a result, the number of peer-reviewed publications that study eye tracking applications has surged in recent years. We performed a broad review to comprehensively search academic literature databases with the aim of assessing the extent of published research dealing with applications of eye tracking in virtual reality, and highlighting challenges, limitations and areas for future research.

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Section: System Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Tracking in Virtual Reality: a Broad Review of Applications and Challenges

2023

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“…However, gestural interfaces can lead to physical fatigue [45], making them difficult to use for extended periods. Gaze interactions may also cause eye fatigue or strain [97], but the direct measurement of their impact is not yet known, as they are assessed using devices that themselves induce fatigue symptoms [37]. Moreover, research has found less eye strain when gaze was used only for pointing, rather than being used for both pointing and selection [68].…”

Section: Gaze-based Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have identified limitations that future research can address. Firstly, the Dwell technique can lead to user fatigue [37, 42, 98]. While prior work have tried to identify an optimal threshold duration, a definitive one remains unestablished [75, 98, 116].…”

Section: Contributions Benefits and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Eye-Brain-Computer Interface: Combining Gaze with the Stimulus-Preceding Negativity for Target Selections in XR

Reddy,

Proulx,

Hirshfield

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Gaze-assisted interaction techniques enable intuitive selections without requiring manual pointing but can result in unintended selections, known as Midas touch. A confirmation trigger eliminates this issue but requires additional physical and conscious user effort. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly passive BCIs harnessing anticipatory potentials such as the Stimulus-Preceding Negativity (SPN) - evoked when users anticipate a forthcoming stimulus - present an effortless implicit solution for selection confirmation. Within a VR context, our research uniquely demonstrates that SPN has the potential to decode intent towards the visually focused target. We reinforce the scientific understanding of its mechanism by addressing a confounding factor - we demonstrate that the SPN is driven by the user’s intent to select the target, not by the stimulus feedback itself. Furthermore, we examine the effect of familiarly placed targets, finding that SPN may be evoked quicker as users acclimatize to target locations; a key insight for everyday BCIs.CCS CONCEPTSHuman-centered computing→Virtual reality;Mixed / augmented reality;Accessibility technologies;Interaction techniques.ACM Reference FormatG. S. Rajshekar Reddy, Michael J. Proulx, Leanne Hirshfield, and Anthony J. Ries. 2024. Towards an Eye-Brain-Computer Interface: Combining Gaze with the Stimulus-Preceding Negativity for Target Selections in XR. InProceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘24), May 11–16, 2024, Honolulu, HI, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 17 pages.https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3641925

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“…Impact and Risks of Long-Term Sensing: How can we use these real life recordings of physical, physiological and cognitive signals on the head? What are potential negative effects of long term usage, ranging from perceptual issues regarding the use of wearable displays (binocular rivalry, vertical and horizontal gaze comfort, instrument myopia, eye strain, accommodation-convergence mismatch) over potential skin irritations during the deployment of electrodes or other sensors necessary to touch the skin to privacy issues and negative social impacts [11,12].…”

Section: Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%