A Survey of Decentralizing Applications via Blockchain: The 5G and Beyond Perspective

Yue, Kaifeng; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Chen, Yanru; Yang, Li; Zhao, Lian; Rong, Chunming; Chen, Liangyin

doi:10.1109/comst.2021.3115797

Cited by 80 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…It gives an extensive discussion about the potential of blockchain for enabling key technologies of 5G, and further explores and analyzes the opportunities that blockchain may give important 5G services. Yue et al in [26] provide a concise review of the recent efforts on blockchain decentralization application in 5G and beyond. Moreover, by enabling the integration of blockchain and other advanced technologies, various works have explored potential applications and research challenges in IoT [27] [28], smart city [29], cloud computing [30], edge computing [31], and fog computing [32].…”

Section: A Existing Surveys and Tutorialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain Systems, Technologies, and Applications: A Methodology Perspective

Cao

Wang²,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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In the past decade, blockchain has shown a promising vision to build trust without any powerful third party in a secure, decentralized and scalable manner. However, due to the wide application and future development from cryptocurrency to the Internet of things, blockchain is an extremely complex system enabling integration with mathematics, computer science, communication and network engineering, etc. By revealing the intrinsic relationship between blockchain and communication, networking and computing from a methodological perspective, it provided a view to the challenge that engineers, experts and researchers hardly fully understand the blockchain process in a systematic view from top to bottom. In this article we first introduce how blockchain works, the research activities and challenges, and illustrate the roadmap involving the classic methodologies with typical blockchain use cases and topics. Second, in blockchain systems, how to adopt stochastic process, game theory, optimization theory, and machine learning to study the blockchain running processes and design the blockchain protocols/algorithms are discussed in details. Moreover, the advantages and limitations using these methods are also summarized as the guide of future work to be further considered. Finally, some remaining problems from technical, commercial and political views are discussed as the open issues. The main findings of this article will provide a survey from a methodological perspective to study theoretical model for blockchain fundamentals understanding, design network service for blockchain-based mechanisms and algorithms, as well as apply blockchain for the Internet of things, etc.

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Section: A Existing Surveys and Tutorialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Providing a taxonomy to compare the methods towards secure and privacy-preserving blockchain technologies [26] • Defining nine fundamental modules of blockchains;…”

Section: Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Systems, Technologies, and Applications: A Methodology Perspective

Cao

Wang²,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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“…As transferring large amounts of data to the cloud not only takes up limited backhaul bandwidth resources, it also generates large transmission latency and poses security risks of data leakage. In response to these problems, edge computing was born [7]. Edge computing is a service that deploys data processing and storage capabilities from the cloud as close to the endpoint as possible, storing, and analyzing data at the edge of the network, solving many of the challenges that exist when transferring data to the cloud center.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telematics Collaborative Resource Allocation Algorithm Based on Cloud Sidecar

Zhang

Shao

Liu

et al. 2022

Security and Communication Networks

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This paper provides an in-depth study and analysis of a distributed allocation algorithm for collaborative resources for cloud-edge-vehicle-based Telematics. The approach starts from the emerging application of urban environmental monitoring based on vehicular networking, with an integrated design of data sensing detection and transmission, and collaborative monitoring of vehicle swarm intelligence based on urban air quality collection to avoid redundancy of information and communication overload. A hybrid routing method with minimal delay for reliable data transmission is proposed. The power adjustment algorithm divides the channel into 3 states. When the CBR is less than 0.5, the channel is in an idle state, and when the CBR is greater than 0.5 and less than 0.8, the channel is in an active state. The algorithm designs redundancy strategies based on coding mechanisms to improve the reliability of data transmission, combines coding mechanisms with routing design, incorporates routing switching ideas, and performs probability-based routing decisions to minimize the delay. In straight-line road sections, a fuzzy logic prediction-based vehicle adaptive connectivity clustering routing algorithm is proposed to reduce the communication overhead during vehicle collaboration and ensure high network connectivity; at intersections, a probability-based minimum delay routing decision algorithm is proposed to reduce the information transmission delay. Experiments show that the proposed method effectively improves the efficiency of data-aware collection and transmission, and increases the reliability of transmission. With the explosive growth of video services, the problem of intelligent transmission of DASH-based video streams has become another research hotspot in mobile edge networks. Based on the edge container cloud architecture of vehicular networking, the resource constraints of microservices when deployed in the edge cloud platform were analyzed, and a multi-objective optimization model for microservice resource scheduling was established with the comprehensive performance objectives of shortest microservice invocation distance, highest resource utilization of physical machine clusters, and ensuring load balancing as much as possible.

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“…Blockchain is a distributed ledger for storing digital data in terms of transactions accessible across the entire network (i.e., to every entity within the network without a central authority). In addition, blockchain provides some salient features, e.g., transparent (all entities can see the copy of the ledger without disclosing their ownership), immutable (all validated records are cryptographically linked in a chronological sequence, which is impossible to change or reverse), time-stamped (each transaction is recorded within blockchain with a particular time-stamp), unanimous (all entities agree to validate a record), anonymous (the identity of interacting entities remain private), and programmable and logic-based processing (using smart contracts) [10].…”

Section: Set Of Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is composed of a chain of blocks with a cryptographic hash value. Significantly, each block is linked to the other block's (i.e., previous block's) hash value [10]. Our design considers a public blockchain.…”

Section: A Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%