A Survey of Data Semantization in Internet of Things

Abstract

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT), more and more sensors, actuators and mobile devices have been deployed into our daily lives. The result is that tremendous data are produced and it is urgent to dig out hidden information behind these volumous data. However, IoT data generated by multi-modal sensors or devices show great differences in formats, domains and types, which poses challenges for machines to process and understand. Therefore, adding semantics to Internet of Things becomes an overwhelming tendency. This paper provides a systematic review of data semantization in IoT, including its backgrounds, processing flows, prevalent techniques, applications, existing challenges and open issues. It surveys development status of adding semantics to IoT data, mainly referring to sensor data and points out current issues and challenges that are worth further study.

Incremental Hierarchical Clustering driven Automatic Annotations for Unifying IoT Streaming Data

“…Shi et al [26] concentrated on data semantization in IoT applications. They reviewed and overviewed all architectural elements and applications supported for IoT domain.…”

A novel ontology consistent with acknowledged standards in smart homes

“…With the increasing attention on smart homes and assisted living, researchers make a lot of efforts on modeling context, sensors and activities with semantics. Our previous work has made a survey of sensor data semantization in smart homes [8] and this section mainly focuses on current semantic models in relation to spatiotemporal information and user profiles.…”

“…An ontology aimed at describing sensors and observations [7] named the SSN ontology was published by the W3C Semantic Sensor Networks Incubator Group (SSN-XG). It covers a large part of OGC standards like O&M and SensorML but is lack of descriptions of other areas [8]. Therefore, this paper focuses on building semantic models in SH on the basis of SSN ontology in order to keep in line with existing standards.…”

A Review of Semantic Sensor Technologies in Internet of Things Architectures

“…A historical study of the evolution of ontologies up until 2014 is presented in [36]. The possible methods of semantic annotation are overviewed in [37] which also compare highlevel application-oriented ontologies of context management. The contribution of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) in semantic sensor networks is unquestionably significant as most of the ontologies developed after 2012 are based on their concept [38].…”