A survey of damage observed in Izmir due to 2020 Samos-Izmir earthquake

Demirci, Hasan Emre; Karaman, Mustafa; Bhattacharya, Subhamoy

doi:10.1007/s11069-021-05085-x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…This underscores the problems in buildings constructed before 2000. Most likely, this problem played a significant role in the buildings that collapsed and experienced moderate-to-major damage in Bayraklı District [7,11].…”

Section: Problems Related To Soil Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A site survey of damaged RC buildings in İzmir after the Aegean sea earthquake on October 30, 2020

2023

JCE

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An earthquake with a magnitude of Mw = 6.6 and a depth of approximately 16.5 km occurred on 30 October 2020 off the cost of Samos, a Greek island 35 km southwest of Seferihisar, a town in İzmir. The earthquake caused several collapses and severe structural damage in approximately 6,000 buildings, specifically in the Bayraklı District in İzmir Bay. This paper presents the observations and findings of a technical team that visited the earthquake-affected areas immediately after an earthquake. Eleven partially or fully collapsed buildings and several severely damaged reinforced concrete buildings were investigated. Based on the site observations, we observed that almost all of the collapsed or severely damaged reinforced concrete buildings in the region were built between 1975 and 2000. Site observations also confirmed that the construction of these collapsed or damaged buildings did not conform to the requirements outlined in the Turkish Earthquake Codes used at the time. The failures and severe damage to buildings in earthquake-affected areas are primarily related to inadequate reinforcement configuration, poor material quality, the absence of geotechnical studies, and framing problems related to their lateral load-carrying systems. Therefore, it is recommended that all the buildings located in and around İzmir Bay, particularly those built between 1975 and 2000, be structurally evaluated to prevent any further loss of life and property during future earthquakes.

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Section: Problems Related To Soil Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several scientific studies were conducted on the 2020 Aegean Sea earthquake. While some studies focused on the geotechnical and seismic aspects of earthquake [7][8][9][10], others focused on building damage [11][12][13][14]. The total direct cost of the earthquake damage was estimated to be approximately USD 400 million [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A site survey of damaged RC buildings in İzmir after the Aegean sea earthquake on October 30, 2020

2023

JCE

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“…Unfortunately, we do not have information on the design and construction dates of the structures we damage-assessed in this mission to put observed performance in perspective, however, it was widely discussed that the buildings that dramatically collapsed in Bayraklı and Bornova districts were from the 1975-1998 bracket, which were not designed or built up to the 1975 earthquake code: concrete quality was poor, lateral reinforcement was missing and beam-column connections were not detailed properly. Further large openings at the ground levels and alterations in the load-bearing structures to open space for commercial use was a critical irregularity common to buildings with extensive damage (Demirci et al, 2021). In conjunction with the soft soil conditions in Bayraklı area, which led to a ground motion amplification, all these design and construction issues played an important role in the damage.…”

Section: Reinforced Concrete Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Reconnaissance Mission to the 30 October 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake and Tsunami (Izmir, Turkey & Samos, Greece): Description of Data Collection Methods and Damage

Aktaş

Ιωάννου

Malcıoğlu

et al. 2022

Front. Built Environ.

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On 30 October 2020, an earthquake of Mw 6.9 hit the Aegean coasts of Turkey and Greece. The epicentre was some 14 km northeast of Avlakia on Samos Island, and 25 km southwest of Seferihisar, Turkey, triggering also a tsunami. The event has been followed by >4,000 aftershocks up to Mw 5.2 The Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) has immediately gathered a team to conduct a hybrid reconnaissance study, bringing together remote and field investigation techniques. The mission took place between 16 November and 17 December, inclusive of three sets of field study carried out by the field crews for building damage assessment in the affected areas in Turkey and Greece under the coordination of the remote team. The mission also aimed to assess the viability of alternative data sources for an appraisal of the future viability of hybrid missions. This paper summarises the mission setup and findings, and discusses the benefits of and difficulties encountered during this hybrid reconnaissance activity.

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“…The earthquake killed 117 people and injured more than 1000 others. 2 The earthquake, which occurred during the SARS-CoV-2 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, displaced more than 15 000 people. Most of these people were inhabitants of buildings that collapsed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2020 İzmir earthquake and its effect on COVID-19 cases

Durmaz,

Aslan,

Durusoy

et al. 2023

Microbiol. Aust.

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On 30 October 2020, an earthquake measuring 6.9 moment magnitude occurred between Kusadasi and Samos, Türkiye, with a significant impact on buildings in the Bornova–Bayraklı district of İzmir. Immediately afterwards, a comprehensive study was commenced to investigate the relationship between the earthquake that occurred during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and case numbers at the Ege University, Faculty of Medicine’s Hospital in Bornova, İzmir. This cross-sectional study was carried out based on the records of those admitted to the university hospital with suspicion of COVID-19 in the pre-earthquake and post-earthquake periods of the pandemic. The microbiology laboratory of the hospital used reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results as a dependent variable and compared with the time, age and gender as the independent variables, classified according to the timing of the earthquake. RT-PCR test results were positive in 11.60% of the whole study group; however, tests were 6.69% positive before the earthquake and increased to 23.42% afterwards (P < 0.001), which equated to an increase of 4.25 times (95% CI 4.04–4.47) when comparing pre- to post-earthquake RT-PCR positivity (P < 0.001). The positive COVID-19 RT-PCR detection rate among those aged 50 and over was greater by a factor of 1.15 (95% CI 1.06–1.23) compared to a younger age group (P < 0.001). There was no difference for the gender variable used in suspected case or contact tracing applications of COVID-19 PCR. However, when stratified by age and gender, in the female group, there was a 1.24-fold (95% CI 1.11–1.38) increase in the 50+ age group (26.2%) compared to the younger age group (22.2%) after the earthquake (P < 0.001). In the male group, the rate of laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 before the earthquake was in the under-50 age group (7.6%) as compared to the >50 age group (5.2%; P < 0.001).

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A survey of damage observed in Izmir due to 2020 Samos-Izmir earthquake

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

A site survey of damaged RC buildings in İzmir after the Aegean sea earthquake on October 30, 2020

A site survey of damaged RC buildings in İzmir after the Aegean sea earthquake on October 30, 2020

Hybrid Reconnaissance Mission to the 30 October 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake and Tsunami (Izmir, Turkey & Samos, Greece): Description of Data Collection Methods and Damage

The 2020 İzmir earthquake and its effect on COVID-19 cases

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