A Survey of Carpal and Tarsal Anomalies

OʼRahilly, Ronan

doi:10.2106/00004623-195335030-00010

Cited by 213 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In more than 90% of modern humans (29), all Neandertals (30), and H. heidelbergensis (7,8), the fusion of this ossification center to the third metacarpal results in a projecting process of bone that articulates with a reciprocally beveled surface on the dorsodistoradial capitate proximally, with the second metacarpal radially, and sometimes with a small portion of the trapezoid (22). Alternatively, this cluster of cartilaginous precursor cells may occasionally fuse to the capitate (3.5% of cases) or trapezoid (0.5%) or present as a separate ossicle (2%) (29). However, in such cases, the resulting bony morphology indicates the presence of the styloid process (developmentally, at least).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Pleistocene third metacarpal from Kenya and the evolution of modern human-like hand morphology

Ward

Tocheri

Plavcan

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Despite discoveries of relatively complete hands from two early hominin species (Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithecus sediba) and partial hands from another (Australopithecus afarensis), fundamental questions remain about the evolution of human-like hand anatomy and function. These questions are driven by the paucity of hand fossils in the hominin fossil record between 800,000 and 1.8 My old, a time interval well documented for the emergence and subsequent proliferation of Acheulian technology (shaped bifacial stone tools). Modern and Middle to Late Pleistocene humans share a suite of derived features in the thumb, wrist, and radial carpometacarpal joints that is noticeably absent in early hominins. Here we show that one of the most distinctive features of this suite in the Middle Pleistocene to recent human hand, the third metacarpal styloid process, was present ∼1.42 Mya in an East African hominin from Kaitio, West Turkana, Kenya. This fossil thus provides the earliest unambiguous evidence for the evolution of a key shared derived characteristic of modern human and Neandertal hand morphology and suggests that the distinctive complex of radial carpometacarpal joint features in the human hand arose early in the evolution of the genus Homo and probably in Homo erectus sensu lato.

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confidence: 99%

Early Pleistocene third metacarpal from Kenya and the evolution of modern human-like hand morphology

Ward

Tocheri

Plavcan

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Five cases referred to individuals of Caucasian ancestry [23,26,37,41], one case was of Asiatic origin [20], one of Haitian ancestry [14] and one Jewish [21]. Data on sex distribution in CC are conflicting, with some studies showing a higher prevalence in men [14,33,39] and others in women [19,42]. With regard to CTS, gender information is based on a very few number of cases (Table 1) [2, 6, 9-11, 14, 20, 21, 23-26, 28-31, 35-38, 41, 43, 45].…”

Section: Demographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A compensatory increase of motion in surrounding bones, followed by consequent degenerative arthritis, has been postulated to explain this symptom [22,27]. Incomplete CCs are more likely to cause symptoms [11,33]. Overcoming the widely held belief that CTS is almost always asymptomatic, our careful scrutiny of literature data reveals that this defect may be associated with wrist pain in nearly one-third of the cases (Table 2) [20, 21, 28, 30, 36-38, 43, 45].…”

Section: Clinical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capitate-trapezoid synostosis: analysis of an Early Bronze Age case and review of the literature

Saccheri

Sabbadini²,

Crivellato³

et al. 2017

Folia Morphol

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“…T h e a c c e s s o r y n a v i c u l a r b o n e i s o n e o f t h e supernumerary bones which is normally present in the foot 1) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Towel-gathering Exercise and Toe Exercises for the Painful Accessory Navicular

Shiroshita

Fukubayashi

2011

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract.[Purpose] The towel gathering exercise is commonly chosen in the treatment of painful accessory navicular. However, the effect has not been well documented in clinical settings. So we compared the reduction in pain effect of towel gathering exercise with those of three toe flexor exercises we developed. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen accessory navicular cases (4 males, 11 females) were chosen as subjects. Their mean age was 20.3±10.7 years old. The three exercises were almost maximal isometric contraction of first toe flexor, 2nd-to-5th toe flexors and 3rd-to-5th toe flexors. All subjects randomly performed the three toe exercises and the towel gathering exercise. Before and after each exercise we assessed the pain by provocative tests such as stepping and others using a visual analog scale (100 mm).[Results] The exercises of 2nd-to-5th toe flexors and 3rd-to-5th toe flexors showed overtly significant improvement of pain. On the other hand, the effects of both the towel gathering and first toe exercises were less significant. Especially, the towel gathering exercise showed the poorest effect of pain relief.

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A Survey of Carpal and Tarsal Anomalies

Cited by 213 publications

References 7 publications

Early Pleistocene third metacarpal from Kenya and the evolution of modern human-like hand morphology

Early Pleistocene third metacarpal from Kenya and the evolution of modern human-like hand morphology

Capitate-trapezoid synostosis: analysis of an Early Bronze Age case and review of the literature

Comparison of Towel-gathering Exercise and Toe Exercises for the Painful Accessory Navicular

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