A Survey of Candidate Waveforms for beyond 5G Systems

Abstract

The 5G and beyond future wireless networks aim to support a large variety of services with increasing demand in terms of data rate and throughput while providing a higher degree of reliability, keeping the overall system complexity affordable. One of the key aspects regarding the physical layer architecture of such systems is the definition of the waveform to be used in the air interface. Such waveforms must be studied and compared in order to choose the most suitable and capable of providing the 5G and beyond services requirements, with flexible resource allocation in time and frequency domains, while providing high spectral and power efficiencies. In this paper, several beyond 5G waveforms candidates are presented, along with their transceiver architectures. Additionally, the associated advantages and disadvantages regarding the use of these transmission techniques are discussed. They are compared in a similar downlink transmission scenario where three main key performance indicators (KPIs) are evaluated. They are the peak-to-average power ratio, the overall system spectral efficiency (wherein the out of band emissions are measured, along with the spectral confinement of the power spectral density of the transmitted signals) and the bit error rate performance. Additionally, other KPIs are discussed.

Analysis and Design of a Wideband Low-Noise Amplifier with Bias and Parasitic Parameters Derived Wide Bandpass Matching Networks

“…Modern wireless communication systems are rapidly developing in the direction of multi-carrier, large-capacity and high-speed information transmission. The demand for high-performance transceivers is increasing [1][2][3]. As the first active component of the RF front-end, the properties of the LNA, especially bandwidth, noise and linearity, will directly affect the performance of the receiver [4,5].…”

Multi-Domain Communication Systems and Networks: A Tensor-Based Approach

“…Various multi-antenna and multi-carrier techniques are continuously being researched to improve spectral efficiency and link reliability through space-time-frequency coding methods that exploit diversity in all spatial, temporal, and frequency domains. A detailed survey of various multi-carrier candidate waveforms considered for 5G and beyond systems can be found in [6]. Furthermore, spectral efficiency can be increased with multiple access schemes such as Power Domain Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (PD-NOMA) or Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) [7,8].…”

Joint Channel Estimation and Synchronization Techniques for Time-Interleaved Block-Windowed Burst OFDM

“…Furthermore, the orthogonality between subcarriers allows for robust transmission upon severe multipath propagation. However, several studies provided alternative waveforms that are capable of outperforming some key OFDM performance indicators, the most notable being low spectral efficiency due to the use of CP, high out-of-band radiation, and large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) [4,5]. Among the most recently proposed hybrid modulation waveforms, one promising candidate for beyond-5G wireless communications systems is the time-interleaved block-windowed burst orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TIBWB-OFDM) [5][6][7][8].…”

“…However, several studies provided alternative waveforms that are capable of outperforming some key OFDM performance indicators, the most notable being low spectral efficiency due to the use of CP, high out-of-band radiation, and large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) [4,5]. Among the most recently proposed hybrid modulation waveforms, one promising candidate for beyond-5G wireless communications systems is the time-interleaved block-windowed burst orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TIBWB-OFDM) [5][6][7][8]. Based on the BWB-OFDM [9] modulation scheme, this technique guarantees better spectral efficiency and low power efficiency in comparison with conventional OFDM systems.…”