A Survey of Afro-American English

Baugh, John

doi:10.1146/annurev.an.12.100183.002003

Cited by 41 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Many of these structures are considered camouflaged forms because their surface forms (e.g., be, done) appear in standard English and other White English varieties, but in African American English varieties they express a wider range of meanings within the grammar. For example, Labov (1998) cites the following utterance-"So he went to where she was…and got the nerve to lie to me…talking 'bout he done went to work"-from Baugh (1983) to illustrate the sense of moral indignation that the use of done can carry in African American English.…”

Section: Characterstics Of Saae and Swementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like most areas of scientific inquiry, a number of issues remain unresolved and, thus, continue to fuel rigorous debate and on-going inquiry. Opinion differs as to the origin, current relationship, and direction of language change that is occurring within, and across African American and White English varieties (for review see Baugh, 1983;Butters, 1989;Montgomery & Bailey, 1986;Mufwene et al, 1998;Spears, 1992). Consensus has been difficult because historical records are incomplete or lacking, and a number of withinsubject and between-subject factors can influence findings (Bailey & Bernstein, 1990;Rickford, Ball, Blake, Jackson, & Martin, 1991;Wolfram, 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nonmainstream Dialect Use and Specific Language Impairment

Oetting

McDonald

2001

J Speech Lang Hear Res

162

121

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Most work looking at specific language impairment (SLI) has been done in the context of mainstream dialects. This paper extends the study of SLI to two nonmainstream dialects: a rural version of Southern African American English (SAAE) and a rural version of Southern White English (SWE). Data were language samples from 93 4-to 6-year-olds who lived in southeastern Louisiana Forty were classified as speakers of SAAE, and 53 were classified as speakers of SWE. A third were previously diagnosed σs SLI; the others served as either age-matched (6N) or language-matched (4N) controls.The two dialects differed in frequency of usage on 14 of the 35 coded morphosyntactic surface patterns; speakers of these dialects could be successfully discriminated (94%) from each other in a discriminant analysis using just four of these patterns. Across dialects, four patterns resulted in main effects that were related to diagnostic condition (SLI vs. 6N), and a slightly different set of four patterns showed effects that were related to developmental processes (4N vs. 6N). More interestingly, the surface characteristics of SLI were found to manifest in the two dialects in different ways. A discriminant function based solely on SAAE speakers tended to misclassify SWE children with SLI as having normal language, and a discriminant function based on SWE speakers tended to misclassify SAAE unaffected children as SLI. Patterns within the SLI profile that cut across the two dialects included difficulties with tense marking and question formation. The results provide important direction for future studies and argue for the inclusion of contrastive as well as noncontrastive features of dialects within SLI research. Keywords dialect; specific language impairment; morphosyntaxIn a recent publication, Tager-Flusberg and Cooper (1999) summarize the comments of participants from an NIH-sponsored workshop that focused on the study of specific language impairment (SLI). The participants included experts in the fields of SLI and other developmental disorders such as autism, learning disabilities, and dyslexia. As part of the report, the authors highlight important study topics to help guide future research. One of the recommendations listed in the report is the development of constructs that are important for defining SLI in individuals who come from many language, cultural, and dialect backgrounds.The goal of the current work is to begin, at an exploratory level, to extend the study of SLI to two nonmainstream dialects of English. Although the grammatical profile of SLI has been explored in a wide range of languages, including Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, Swedish, and even Inukitut (an Eskimo- NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptAleut language) (Leonard, 1998), the study of SLI within nonmainstream varieties of these languages has been nonexistent. A primary reason for this has been limited knowledge on the part of researchers about the developmenta...

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Section: Characterstics Of Saae and Swementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonmainstream Dialect Use and Specific Language Impairment

Oetting

McDonald

2001

J Speech Lang Hear Res

162

121

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“…20,21,33,140,149,150,152,160). Most of the variable phonological and syntactic features and lexical principles associated with AAE have been reported from as early as 1865 (40).…”

Section: The Features Of African American Englishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26, 64, 87, 183), so it is not surprising that some linguists lament the sh roud of controversy often accompanying research on African American varieties (12,20,21,160). This controversy reflects the multilay ered political and ideological issues embodying scholarly work with any mar ginalized group that is characterized or marked by language use.…”

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confidence: 99%

Theories and Politics in African American English

Morgan¹

1994

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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KEY WORDS: Black English vernacular. language and gender, language and identity, language ideology INTRODUCTION Scholarly research and public attitudes concerning the language behavior of African Americans have evolved throughout the twentieth century, from early theories that described it in relation to various types of US speech spoken by those of British descent (121,122,123,183) to increasing efforts to describe its features, use, and function within or among members of the African Ameri can speech community (42,163, 177) irrespective of other varieties of Ameri can English. To explore and critique this evolution, 1 situate much of this review within the theoretical and political arguments that have portended each analytical shift. These arguments, while centered around language, concern the larger question of how to address the multicultural contact fIrst experienced by Africans and their descendants, who were both sold and born into slavery in the United States, as well as how to interpret the role and constitutive elements of African American culture and language in American society today.In the United States, comments about the language of African Americans are consistently linked to comments about African Americans' cognitive abil ity and culture (eg. 26, 64, 87, 183), so it is not surprising that some linguists lament the sh roud of controversy often accompanying research on African American varieties (12,20,21,160). This controversy reflects the multilay ered political and ideological issues embodying scholarly work with any mar ginalized group that is characterized or marked by language use. It also intro-0084-6570/94/1015-0325$05.00 325 Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1994.23:325-345. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by New York University -Bobst Library on 02/07/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1994.23:325-345. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by New York University -Bobst Library on 02/07/15. For personal use only. AFRICAN AMERICAN ENGLISH 327 AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE AND LANGUAGE: IDEOLOGIES AND POLITICS

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“…Sociolinguists have documented numerous phonological (pronunciation), colloquial (lexical/slang), and grammatical differences between Black speech-dubbed African American Vernacular English (AAVE)-and White speech (Baugh, 1983;Fasold & Wolfram, 1970;Rickford, 1999). AAVE has been described as a "fully formed linguistic system…with its own grammar and punctuation rules" (Fasold & Wolfram, 1970, p. 42).…”

Section: Sociolinguistic Differences Between Black and White Speakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hearing Black and White: Acoustic Cues for the Perception of Race in the Human Voice

James¹

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A Survey of Afro-American English

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

Nonmainstream Dialect Use and Specific Language Impairment

Nonmainstream Dialect Use and Specific Language Impairment

Theories and Politics in African American English

Hearing Black and White: Acoustic Cues for the Perception of Race in the Human Voice

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