A survey in adaptive hybrid wireless Sensor Network for military operations

Abstract

A Sensor Network is the primary source for acquiring information in today's military operations that require situation awareness (SA) of a battlefield. There are several types of sensor nodes, and each type of sensors has limited capability. The requirement for gathering and analyzing information about the field cannot be fulfilled by one type of sensor. Several sensors are needed to be networked and provide distributed sensing in such the way that the complete information about the field can be achieved. With current sensor and wireless technologies, a large number of heterogeneous sensor nodes can be rapidly deployed and wirelessly networked in a battlefield. These sensor nodes can perform distributed sensing tasks in collaborative and cooperative manner in order to extract features of the event in the field. Unlike any typical network, military wireless sensor network is operating under the harsh condition of a battlefield. Hence, the resources are constrained in terms of energy, bandwidth, and computing power, which limit the sensing capability of the wireless sensor network. In addition, a network is prone to attack by enemies. Such a network requires the selfadaptability that can cope with intermittent changes in a harsh environment. This paper presents a survey for adaptive hybrid wireless sensor networks in the military operations, which reviews their technologies, applications, constraints, architectures, and challenges.

A Source Coding Perspective on Node Deployment in Two-Tier Networks

“…In some cases [22]- [25], only one FC or fusion center is deployed to collect data from the entire WSNs. In the case of one FC and multiple APs, the following proposition holds.…”

“…A two-tier WSN [22]- [25] includes densely deployed sensors, multiple access points (APs), and fusion centers (FCs). In such a network, sensor nodes collect the data and send it to their APs for processing.…”

“…In such a network, sensor nodes collect the data and send it to their APs for processing. Then, each AP transmits its aggregated data to its associated FC [22]- [25]. As depicted in Fig.…”

Symmetric Key Management Scheme for Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks

“…All sensor nodes have the same capabilities in homogeneous WSNs. In heterogeneous WSNs incorporate different types of sensor nodes that have different capabilities (small number of sensors with powerful characteristics elects as Cluster head and a large number of low characteristics sensors elects as Cluster members).Most applications that use WSNs [2] have sensitive data as in military applications. Due to limitation resource of sensor node and the hostile environment make it a big challenge to secure the network.…”

Lightweight Key Management Scheme for Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Most applications that use WSNs [2] have sensitive data as in military applications. Due to limitation resource of sensor node and the hostile environment make it a big challenge to secure the network.…”