A survey for gregarines (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in arthropods in Spain

Criado–Fornelio, A.; Verdú-Expósito, C.; Martín-Pérez, Tania; Heredero‐Bermejo, Irene; Valle, Laia Guàrdia; Panisello-Panisello, M.

doi:10.1007/s00436-016-5266-0

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The feces of the High-4150 population contained biome microorganisms of insects, e.g., Trichosporon insectorum and several Gregarinasina (Leidyana, Selenidium, and Stenophora) but a low number of coxI from insects. Trichosporon insectorum is a basidiomycete yeast and the resident of the gut of insects [75], while Gregarinasina are intracellular parasitic apicomplexan alveolates found in the intestinal epithelial cells of cockroaches, mealworms, grasshoppers, crickets, crayfishes, and centipedes [76]. We hypothesize that the High-4150 population extracts as much nutrients from their food as possible by maintaining it longer in their lumen.…”

Section: Composition Of the Fecal Microbiota Of Sceloporus Grammicus mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary effects on gut microbiota of the mesquite lizard Sceloporus grammicus (Wiegmann, 1828) across different altitudes

et al. 2020

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Background: High-altitude ecosystems are extreme environments that generate specific physiological, morphological, and behavioral adaptations in ectotherms. The shifts in gut microbiota of the ectothermic hosts as an adaptation to environmental changes are still largely unknown. We investigated the food ingested and the bacterial, fungal, and protistan communities in feces of the lizard Sceloporus grammicus inhabiting an altitudinal range using metabarcoding approaches. Results: The bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and the genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides dominated the core fecal bacteriome, while Zygomycota and Ascomycota, and the species Basidiobolus ranarum and Basidiobolus magnus dominated the core fecal mycobiome. The diet of S. grammicus included 29 invertebrate families belonging to Arachnida, Chilopoda, and Insecta. The diversity and abundance of its diet decreased sharply at high altitudes, while the abundance of plant material and Agaricomycetes was significantly higher at the highest site. The composition of the fecal microbiota of S. grammicus was different at the three altitudes, but not between females and males. Dietary restriction in S. grammicus at 4150 m might explain the high fecal abundance of Akkermansia and Oscillopira, bacteria characteristic of long fasting periods, while low temperature favored B. magnus. A high proportion of bacterial functions were digestive in S. grammicus at 2600 and 3100, while metabolism of aminoacids, vitamins, and key intermediates of metabolic pathways were higher at 4150 m. Different assemblages of fungal species in the lizard reflect differences in the environments at different elevations. Pathogens were more prevalent at high elevations than at the low ones. Conclusions: Limiting food resources at high elevations might oblige S. grammicus to exploit other food resources and its intestinal microbiota have degradative and detoxifying capacities. Sceloporus grammicus might have acquired B. ranarum from the insects infected by the fungus, but its commensal relationship might be established by the quitinolytic capacities of B. ranarum. The mycobiome participate mainly in digestive and degradative functions while the bacteriome in digestive and metabolic functions.

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Section: Composition Of the Fecal Microbiota Of Sceloporus Grammicus mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary effects on gut microbiota of the mesquite lizard Sceloporus grammicus (Wiegmann, 1828) across different altitudes

et al. 2020

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“…Invertebrates typically host a great number of organisms in their gut, among which gregarines (Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) are probably the most frequently reported across terrestrial, marine and freshwater species (Bollatti and Ceballos, 2014;Criado-Fornelio et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend or foe? The apparent benefits of gregarine (Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) infection in the European earwig

Arcila

Meunier

2020

International Journal for Parasitology

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Studying the costs and benefits of host-parasite interactions is of central importance to shed light on the evolutionary drivers of host life history traits. Although gregarines (Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) are one of the most frequent parasites in the gut of invertebrates, the diversity of its potential impacts on a host remains poorly explored. In this study, we addressed this gap in knowledge by investigating the prevalence of natural infections by the gregarine Gregarina ovata and testing how these infections shape a large set of morphological, behavioural and physiological traits in the European earwig Forficula auricularia. Our results first show that G. ovata was present in 76.8% of 573 field-sampled earwigs, and that its prevalence was both higher in males compared with females and increased between July and September. The load of G. ovata in the infected individuals was higher in males than females, but this sex difference vanished during the season. Our experiments then surprisingly revealed apparent benefits of G. ovata infections. Food-deprived hosts survived longer when they exhibited high compared with low gregarine loads. Moreover, the presence of gregarines was associated with a reduced phenoloxidase activity, indicating a lower immune resistance or a higher immune tolerance of the infected hosts. By contrast, we found no effect of G. ovata presence and number on earwigs' development (eye distance, forceps length), activity, food consumption or resistance against a fungal pathogen. Overall, our findings suggest that G. ovata could be involved in a mutualistic relationship with the European earwig. Given the ubiquitous presence of gregarines among invertebrates, our data also suggest that this common member of insect gut flora could have a broad and positive role in the life history of many host species.

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“…Within the scope of this work, it is interesting to mention that gregarines, at least those from crustaceans, appear to be highly amenable to their environment, even under "extreme" conditions where the host organisms have become highly specialized, typically resorting to a form of symbiosis with bacteria in order to acquire nutrients and survive (Bright and Lallier 2010). While we did not collect data related the mechanisms that allow gregarines to exploit these environments, gregarines can be found in arthropods from freshwater, marine (Rueckert et al 2011a), and terrestrial habitats (Criado-Fornelio et al 2017), highlighting the extent to which this group of apicomplexan parasites is able to adapt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…), and terrestrial habitats (Criado‐Fornelio et al. ), highlighting the extent to which this group of apicomplexan parasites is able to adapt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogeny and Surface Morphology of Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. and Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp. (Gregarinasina, Apicomplexa) Isolated from a Deep Sea Oradarea sp. (Amphipoda) in the West Pacific

Wakeman

Yabuki

Fujikura

et al. 2017

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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In an effort to broaden our understanding of the biodiversity and distribution of gregarines infecting crustaceans, this study describes two new species of gregarines, Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. and Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp., parasitizing a deep sea amphipod (Oradarea sp.). Amphipods were collected using the ROV Hyper-Dolphin at a depth of 855 m while on a cruise in Sagami Bay, Japan. Gregarine trophozoites and gamonts were isolated from the gut of the amphipod and studied with light and scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA. Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. was distinguished from existing species based on morphology, phylogenetic position, as well as host niche and geographic locality. Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp. distinguished itself from existing Cephaloidophora, based on a difference in host (Oradarea sp.), geographic location, and to a certain extent morphology. We established this latter new species with the understanding that a more comprehensive examination of diversity at the molecular level is necessary within Cephaloidophora. Results from the 18S rDNA molecular phylogeny showed that T. hyperdolphinae n. sp. was positioned within a clade consisting of Thiriotia spp., while C. oradareae n. sp. grouped within the Cephaloidophoridae. Still, supplemental genetic information from gregarines infecting crustaceans will be needed to better understand relationships within this group of apicomplexans.

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A survey for gregarines (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in arthropods in Spain

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Dietary effects on gut microbiota of the mesquite lizard Sceloporus grammicus (Wiegmann, 1828) across different altitudes

Dietary effects on gut microbiota of the mesquite lizard Sceloporus grammicus (Wiegmann, 1828) across different altitudes

Friend or foe? The apparent benefits of gregarine (Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) infection in the European earwig

Molecular Phylogeny and Surface Morphology of Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. and Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp. (Gregarinasina, Apicomplexa) Isolated from a Deep Sea Oradarea sp. (Amphipoda) in the West Pacific

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