A Surface Wind Extremes (“Wind Lulls” and “Wind Blows”) Climatology for Central North America and Adjoining Oceans (1979–2012)

Malloy, Jonny W.; Krahenbuhl, Daniel; Bush, Chad E.; Balling, Robert C.; Santoro, Michael Melton; White, Joshua R.; Elder, Renée C.; Pace, Matthew B.; Cerveny, Randall S.

doi:10.1175/jamc-d-14-0009.1

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Ruiz- Barradas and Nigam, 2006;Radic and Clarke, 2011). At the same time, embedded forecast models can be used within the framework of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX; Martynov et al, 2013) within a seamless framework for weather and climate prediction, whereby model deficiencies that differ in spatial scales and timescales can be more readily understood (Brown et al, 2012). They also offer useful datasets for designing new infrastructure, particularly if they are sufficiently long and spatially relevant to define the likelihood of extremes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the COSMO (Consortium for Small-scale Modelling) 6 km reanalysis has shown the potential to provide realistic sub-daily representations of winds at 10 to 40 m of height (Borsche et al, 2016) and to resolve small-scale cloud structures (Bollmeyer et al, 2015). NARR was used to define a climatology of surface wind extremes (Malloy et al, 2015) and 30-year trends in wind at hub height (Holt and Wang, 2012) over northern America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BARRA v1.0: the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia

et al. 2019

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Abstract. The Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia (BARRA) is the first atmospheric regional reanalysis over a large region covering Australia, New Zealand, and Southeast Asia. The production of the reanalysis with approximately 12 km horizontal resolution – BARRA-R – is well underway with completion expected in 2019. This paper describes the numerical weather forecast model, the data assimilation methods, the forcing and observational data used to produce BARRA-R, and analyses results from the 2003–2016 reanalysis. BARRA-R provides a realistic depiction of the meteorology at and near the surface over land as diagnosed by temperature, wind speed, surface pressure, and precipitation. Comparing against the global reanalyses ERA-Interim and MERRA-2, BARRA-R scores lower root mean square errors when evaluated against (point-scale) 2 m temperature, 10 m wind speed, and surface pressure observations. It also shows reduced biases in daily 2 m temperature maximum and minimum at 5 km resolution and a higher frequency of very heavy precipitation days at 5 and 25 km resolution when compared to gridded satellite and gauge analyses. Some issues with BARRA-R are also identified: biases in 10 m wind, lower precipitation than observed over the tropical oceans, and higher precipitation over regions with higher elevations in south Asia and New Zealand. Some of these issues could be improved through dynamical downscaling of BARRA-R fields using convective-scale (<2 km) models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BARRA v1.0: the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia

et al. 2019

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“…Many studies have revealed a slowdown in terrestrial SWS at many regions (Bichet et al, ; Tobin et al, ; Berrisford et al, ). In North America, the slowdown in SWS was mainly found in Canada and America (Pryor et al, ; Pryor and Ledolter, ; Greene et al, ; Malloy et al, ). The reduction in SWS also found in Europe, including France (Najac et al, ), Czech Republic (Brazdil et al, ), Netherlands (Cusack, ), Switzerland (McVicar et al, ), Turkey (Dadaser‐Celik and Cengiz, ), Spain, and Portugal (Azorin‐Molina et al, ; ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of wind speed at different heights over eastern China during 1980–2011

Zha

Zhao

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Long-term decreasing trends of near-surface wind speed (SWS) have been well demonstrated in China, and at the same time the factors causing the slowdown in SWS have also been explored. However, changes in wind speed and pressure gradient force (PGF) at higher elevations have received little attention. In this paper, the spatio-temporal changes of wind speed and PGF at different heights were explored in eastern China during the period 1980-2011, and the potential causes inducing the changes of wind speed were analysed. The results included that the reduction in wind speed emerged from the near surface to 300 hPa, while the PGF also exhibited a synchronous reduction. The influence of PGF on the decrease of wind speed was relative smaller at near surface than that at higher levels (850-300 hPa). At the near surface, 71.8% of changes in annual mean SWS could be attributed to the changes of PGF, in which the seasonal difference of the influence of PGF on wind speed was less than 7.0%. At the higher levels, most of the changes in wind speed (>90%) was induced by PGF, in which the seasonal difference of the influence of PGF was less than 1.0%. Furthermore, the changes of PGF in eastern China could be mainly influenced by both the Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The NAM could affect the inter-annual and inter-decadal changes of PGF, and the effects of NAM played more significant role on the inter-annual scale than that on the inter-decadal scale. At the same time, the correlation between NAM and PGF increased with height. Otherwise, the PDO mainly affected the inter-decadal changes of PGF, and their correlation decreased with height. K E Y W O R D Sdifferent heights, long-term change, pressure gradient force, wind speed

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“…Ruiz-Barradas and Nigam, 2006;Radic and Clarke, 2011). At the same time, embedded forecast models can be used within the framework of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX; Martynov et al, 2013) within a seamless framework for weather and climate prediction, whereby model deficiencies that differ in spatial scales and timescales can be more readily understood (Brown et al, 2012). They also offer useful datasets for designing new infrastructure, particularly if they are sufficiently long and spatially relevant to define the likelihood of extremes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2019

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The Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric highresolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia (BARRA) is the first atmospheric regional reanalysis over a large region covering Australia, New Zealand, and Southeast Asia. The production of the reanalysis with approximately 12 km horizontal resolution -BARRA-R -is well underway with completion expected in 2019. This paper describes the numerical weather forecast model, the data assimilation methods, the forcing and observational data used to produce BARRA-R, and analyses results from the 2003-2016 reanalysis. BARRA-R provides a realistic depiction of the meteorology at and near the surface over land as diagnosed by temperature, wind speed, surface pressure, and precipitation. Comparing against the global reanalyses ERA-Interim and MERRA-2, BARRA-R scores lower root mean square errors when evaluated against (point-scale) 2 m temperature, 10 m wind speed, and surface pressure observations. It also shows reduced biases in daily 2 m temperature maximum and minimum at 5 km resolution and a higher frequency of very heavy precipitation days at 5 and 25 km resolution when compared to gridded satellite and gauge analyses. Some issues with BARRA-R are also identified: biases in 10 m wind, lower precipitation than observed over the tropical oceans, and higher precipitation over regions with higher elevations in south Asia and New Zealand. Some of these issues could be improved through dynamical downscaling of BARRA-R fields using convective-scale ( < 2 km) models.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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A Surface Wind Extremes (“Wind Lulls” and “Wind Blows”) Climatology for Central North America and Adjoining Oceans (1979–2012)

Cited by 20 publications

References 65 publications

BARRA v1.0: the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia

BARRA v1.0: the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia

Changes of wind speed at different heights over eastern China during 1980–2011

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