A supramolecular recyclable catalyst for aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura coupling

Abstract

A Pd(ii) pyrazolyl complex is solubilized by host–guest inclusion to give an efficient, recyclable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura couplings in aqueous–organic solvents.

Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on cyclodextrin‐decorated halloysite nanotubes: Efficient heterogeneous catalyst for promoting copper‐ and ligand‐free Sonogashira reaction in water–ethanol mixture

“…The high catalytic activity of the catalyst can be attributed to the presence of both HNTs and CD. According to previous reports, CD can promote the reaction rate through formation of inclusion complexes with hydrophobic guests and improving their solubility in aqueous phase and consequently increasing the yield of the reaction. On the other hand, HNTs have been reported as efficient supports for immobilization of nanoparticles .…”

Pd(II)-β-cyclodextrin complex: Synthesis, characterization and efficient nanocatalyst for the selective Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction in water

“…The hetero-coupling of aryl boronic acids with various aryl bromides also gave corresponding unsymmetrical biaryls in good to excellent yields (entries [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. For the coupling reaction of 1-bromo naphthalene with phenylboronic acid, the catalytic activity of Pd(II)-β-CD complex at 0.001 mol% loading was not satifactory and only 6% of coupling product was obtained by increasing the amount of catalyst to 0.01 mol% (entry 27).…”

“…al. have reported preparation of a novel palladium(II) complex with a functionalized β-CD tethered to a pyridyltriazole moiety and its application for the SuzukiMiyaura coupling reaction in water [23]. More recently, an inclusion complex between a hydrophilic β-CD and a hydrophobic palladium(II)-dipyrazole complex bearing an adamantyl (Ad) molecular as a recognition moiety has been reported by Hor et.…”

An Amino-Chain Modified β-cyclodextrin: A Supramolecular Ligand for Pd(OAc)2 Acceleration in Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions in Water

“…With these issues in mind, many catalytic systems have been developed using various carriers to immobilize Pd catalysts, for example silica [8], Pd/C [9], magnetic nanoparticles [10][11][12], carbon nanotubes [13], nanomaterials [14][15][16], polymers [17,18], and cyclodextrins [19]. Among the various carriers, cyclodextrins (CD) have recently attracted abundant attention for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions, given that phosphine free CD ligands support Pd catalytic systems [20][21][22][23][24].…”