A Supervisory Control Algorithm of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy with Fuzzy PI

Abstract

This paper presents a new energy management system based on equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for hybrid electric vehicles. The aim is to enhance fuel economy and impose state of charge (SoC) charge-sustainability. First, the relationship between the equivalent factor (EF) of ECMS and the co-state of pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) is derived. Second, a new method of implementing the adaptation law using fuzzy proportional plus integral (PI) controller is developed to adjust EF for ECMS in real-time. This adaptation law is more robust than one with constant EF due to the variation of EF as well as driving cycle. Finally, simulations for two driving cycles using ECMS are conducted as opposed to the commonly used rule-based (RB) control strategy, indicating that the proposed adaptation law can provide a promising blend in terms of fuel economy and charge-sustainability. The results confirm that ECMS with Fuzzy PI adaptation law is more robust than ECMS with constant EF as well as PI adaptation law and it achieves significant improvements compared with RB in terms of fuel economy, which is enhanced by 4.44% and 14.7% for china city bus cycle and economic commission of Europe (ECE) cycle, respectively.

Energy Management for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Adaptive Simplified-ECMS

“…The adaptive equivalent factor has fairly ideal performance. A commonly used approach for obtaining the adaptive equivalent factor is using a feedback controller, such as a PI controller [21,27], a fuzzy PI controller [28], a PID controller [29] and a fuzzy logic controller [30], this method mainly based on the SOC reference, which is calculated from the predicted driving horizon [25,31]. The parameters of the PI/PID and the law of fuzzy controller are hard to be chosen, and the computation load of fuzzy logic controller is still heavy, therefore, above feedback controllers are still difficult to be applied in the real vehicle.…”

Supercapacitor Storage Sizing Analysis for a Series Hybrid Vehicle

“…In the technical literature, different hybrid topologies and many Energy Management Systems (EMS) were proposed [1,2] nevertheless hybrid architectures can be mainly divided in two categories: parallel and series hybrid vehicles. Regarding parallel architecture, this structure is mainly used on medium size cars and can be realized either with one electrical machine [3][4][5][6][7], two electrical machines and a planetary gearbox (also known as power split or series/parallel hybrid) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] can be realized with a compound structured permanent-magnet motor [15]. As far as series architecture is concerned, this topology was mainly designed, until now, for urban bus applications [16][17][18].…”

The Optimal Road Grade Design for Minimizing Ground Vehicle Energy Consumption

“…If λ * h ≤ − f 2 and there is at least one accelerations a i , i ∈ {1, · · · , n}, such that a i < 0, then the solution to Equation (20) has the property α * (s) ≥ 0 for all s ∈ [s 0 , s f ] and α * (s) > 0 for all s ∈ [s i − 1, s i ).…”

“…If a(s) < 0, then Assumption 2 and Proposition 2 ensure that F trac (s) is non-positive and the minimization problem in Equation (20) becomes…”

“…There are plentiful publications on this topic using different optimization approaches, e.g., dynamic programming [3,17,18], convex optimization [13], Pontryagin's minimum principle [19] and equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy [20]. These have been applied to achieve fuel optimal driving in conventional cars and trucks [21], fuelcell cars [8] and electric cars [7].…”