A superhydrophilic titanium implant functionalized by ozone gas modulates bone marrow cell and macrophage responses

Abstract

Bone-forming cells and Mϕ play key roles in bone tissue repair. In this study, we prepared a superhydrophilic titanium implant functionalized by ozone gas to modulate osteoconductivity and inhibit inflammatory response towards titanium implants. After 24 h of ozone gas treatment, the water contact angle of the titanium surface became zero. XPS analysis revealed that hydroxyl groups were greatly increased, but carbon contaminants were largely decreased 24 h after ozone gas functionalization. Also, ozone gas functionalization did not alter titanium surface topography. Superhydrophilic titanium (O3-Ti) largely increased the aspect ratio, size and perimeter of cells when compared with untreated titanium (unTi). In addition, O3-Ti facilitated rat bone marrow derived MSCs differentiation and mineralization evidenced by greater ALP activity and bone-like nodule formation. Interestingly, O3-Ti did not affect RAW264.7 Mϕ proliferation. However, naive RAW264.7 Mϕ cultured on unTi produced a two-fold larger amount of TNFα than that on O3-Ti. Furthermore, O3-Ti greatly mitigated proinflammatory cytokine production, including TNFα and IL-6 from LSP-stimulated RAW264.7 Mϕ. These results demonstrated that a superhydrophilic titanium prepared by simple ozone gas functionalization successfully increased MSCs proliferation and differentiation, and mitigated proinflammatory cytokine production from both naive and LPS-stimulated Mϕ. This superhydrophilic surface would be useful as an endosseous implantable biomaterials and as a biomaterial for implantation into other tissues.

Enhanced Osseointegration Capability of Poly(ether ether ketone) via Combined Phosphate and Calcium Surface-Functionalization

“…The surface topography/roughness, hydrophilicity, and chemical composition potentiate cellular responses to materials [6,7,9,[36][37][38][39]. However, in the present study, all of the functionalized surfaces showed similar surface topography/roughness to those of bare PEEK, and thus can be excluded as a factor in the observed differences of MSCs behaviors on the functionalized PEEK.…”

“…Alternatively, PEEK has a highly hydrophobic surface, but surfaces became more hydrophilic after surface functionalization. It is widely accepted that a hydrophilic surface produced a more pronounced effect on the cell responses than a hydrophobic surface [36][37][38][39]. Notably, the O 3 -Ca and O 3 -PCa showed enhanced cell proliferation compared with the bare at three and seven days.…”

“…Rat MSCs were isolated from femurs of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Wistar rats (male, four weeks old; Japan SLC, Shizuoka, Japan) and were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium α (MEMα) supplemented with 15% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 µg/mL streptomycin, and 0.25 µg/mL amphotericin B (all from Thermo Fisher Scientific) as previously described [36].…”

Effect of Different Titanium Surfaces on Maturation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells

“…On hydrophilic implant surfaces, molecules are adsorbed in a more flexible pattern, leading to an enhanced interaction between the implant surface and the surrounding environment. Previous studies reported that hydrophilic surfaces demonstrated anti-inflammatory property by mitigating the pro-inflammatory cytokines production and inflammatory response of macrophages 23 24 . Since surface chemistry influences surface wettability 22 , the surface chemistry may be the most critical factor in modulating DC response.…”

Effects of alloplastic graft material combined with a topical ozone application on calvarial bone defects in rats

“…Preparing a superhydrophilic titanium implant functionalised with ozone gas can modulate osteoconductivity and inhibit the inflammatory response to titanium implants. This superhydrophilic surface has been proposed to be useful as an endorsed implantable biomaterial and as a biomaterial for implantation in other tissues (13). The effect of ozone treatment in combination with autogenous bone grafts on bone healing in rat calvaria has been investigated.…”