A Super Tough, Rapidly Biodegradable, Ultrafast Hemostatic Bioglue

Abstract

In particular, the fatal aortic rupture and uncontrollable cardiac hemorrhage in penetrating wounds are significant issues in emergency rescue. Hemorrhage control is extremely time sensitive, and rapid hemostatic intervention will determine the survival of the injured patients. [5,6] Currently, surgical gauze, sutures, and staples are most commonly used means in clinical operations to close wounds for hemostasis. However, to stop bleeding of the fragile and bleeding-prone organs (e.g., heart, liver, and spleen) using these methods easily results in secondary damage or even surgical failure. [7][8][9][10] To overcome the real deficiency, more beneficial technologies such as tissue adhesives, hemostatic agents, and wound sealants have been extensively investigated. They provide the advantages of flexible applicability, sealing against moisture, and minimal tissue damage. Researchers are also developing a few wound sealants, including musselinspired sealants, [11,12] tough hydrogel sealants, [13,14] UV-curable sealants, [15,16] and double-sided tissue tapes. [17,18] However, the necessity of exerting irradiation or/and extra pressure, weak mechanical adhesion as well as thermal energy unavoidably Death happening due to massive hemorrhage has been involved in military conflicts, traffic accidents, and surgical injuries of various human disasters. Achieving rapid and effective hemostasis to save lives is crucial in urgent massive bleeding situations. Herein, a covalent cross-linked AG-PEG glue based on extracellular matrix-like amino-gelatin (AG) and PEG derivatives is developed. The AG-PEG glue gelatinizes fast and exhibits firm and indiscriminate close adhesion with various moist tissues upon being dosed. The formed glue establishes an adhesive and robust barrier to seal the arterial, hepatic, and cardiac hemorrhagic wounds, enabling it to withstand up to 380 mmHg blood pressure in comparison with normal systolic blood pressure of 60-180 mmHg. Remarkably, massive bleeding from a pig cardiac penetrating hole with 6 mm diameter is effectively stopped using the glue within 60 s. Postoperative indexes of the treated pig gradually recover and the cardiac wounds regrow significantly at 14 days. Possessing on-demand solubility, self-gelling, and rapid degradability, the AG-PEG glue may provide a fascinating stop-bleeding approach for clinical hemostasis and emergency rescue.

In situ Injectable Tetra‐PEG Hydrogel Bioadhesive for Sutureless Repair of Gastrointestinal Perforation†

“…The burst pressure test was conducted using a homemade experimental setup described previously. [ 49‐51 ] A piece of fresh and cleaned porcine GI tissue was fixed onto the device. A hole of 4 mm in diameter was made with a scalpel and then sealed by Tetra‐PEG hydrogel generated in situ by a dual syringe.…”

Bioactive Hydrogels with Pro‐coagulation Effect for Hemostasis†

“…Due to their unique properties such as high‐water content and mutable forms, hydrogels have emerged as a crucial area of study as hemostatic materials. Hemostatic hydrogels can be fashioned into various forms, including dried sponges and powder, [ 16‐18 ] liquid glue, [ 19 ] and injectable hydrogels, [ 20‐22 ] each tailored to different senses. Dried sponges, powders, and unsaturated hydrogels can swiftly absorb and collect blood, forming a gel‐like shield that effectively blocks wounds and arrests bleeding.…”

Biomimetic, self-coacervating adhesive with tough underwater adhesion for ultrafast hemostasis and infected wound healing

“…2 Recently developed hydrogel adhesives offer new possibilities to immediately close wound for fast hemostasis. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] However, the hydration layer induced by blood or other body fluids hinders the formation of strong and long-lasting adhesion between adhesives and body tissues. 14 Additionally, hydrogel adhesives usually suffer from swelling upon exposure to water, which weakens their mechanical strength and leads to the bonding failure.…”