A SUMMARY OF JICARILLA APACHE CULTURE¹

Temporal nature and recycling of Upper Paleolithic artifacts: the burned tools from the Molí del Salt site (Vimbodí i Poblet, northeastern Spain)

“…Although the ethnographic data on lithic production are relatively scarce, this lithic scavenging match the behavioral patterns observed among modern hunter-gatherers (Horne and Aiston, 1924;Kelly, 1934;Opler, 1946;Riddell, 1960;Smith, 1974;Gould, 1977). Both the ethnographic and the archeological studies tend to explain recycling as a response to raw material scarcity.…”

Festival Hunting by the Kichwa People in the Ecuadorian Amazon

“…Hunting for ceremonies or festivities is yet another category of hunting with special characteristics which may vary according to the nature and purpose of the events in question (de Thoisy et al 2006;McCorquodale 1997;Opler 1936;Peres and Nascimento 2006). For example, the Canelos Kichwa indigenous people of the Ecuadorian Amazon hunt for ceremonial purposes as part of the hista 1 festival.…”

San Luis Valley - Taos Plateau Landscape-Level Cultural Heritage Values and Risk Assessment

“…Primarily hunters and gatherers, the traditional range of the Jicarilla Apache included northeastern New Mexico as far south as modern Mora and as far north as the Arkansas River in Colorado. While their hunting activities extended well into the plains east of the Rockies, their home ranges and base camps were in the mountains of northern New Mexico (Opler 1936). Their loosely organized matrilineal groups may be divided into two bands: the Olleros, or potters, ranged west of the Rio Grande and the Llanos, or plainsmen, to the east.…”

“…Individuals could receive power from animals, natural phenomena, or celestial bodies. Prominent physical features could be places of power and supernatural instruction (Opler 1936;Tiller 1983).…”