A summary of information on the preparation and properties of pure iron

Thompson, J. G.; Cleaves, H. E.

doi:10.6028/jres.016.002

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The latter is characterized by low hardness (approx. 80 HV 50 ) and a Young's modulus of 211 GPa, which is significantly different to the Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N PVD layer deposited above (which exhibited a Young's modulus of approximately 400 GPa and a hardness of 32–34 GPa). In this regard, several investigations observe that similar mechanical properties – for example, in terms of the hardness and Young's modulus of the individual layers in a multilayer composite – result in better adhesion and, therefore, better resistance to mechanical stress 43‐45,51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Sliding wear behavior of duplex coatings with different plasma nitride layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N coating

Weinhold

Dalke

Schramm

et al. 2021

Engineering Reports

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The dry sliding wear behavior of AISI D2 tool steel is investigated under different heat treatment states in hardened, plasma nitrided, and duplex layer conditions. Plasma nitriding (PN) is performed at 510-520 • C with varying N 2 -H 2 gas mixtures, and Cr-Al-Ti-B-N layers are deposited at 480 • C by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD). This work investigates the influence of the nitride layer and, in particular, the presence of a compound layer on the tribological behavior of the duplex layer system. Therefore, as-nitrided conditions both without and with a compound layer -as well as with a mechanically removed compound layer -are subsequently hard coated. Comparative ball-on-disc wear tests in linear-reciprocating sliding motion against WC-Co counterbody balls are conducted at a load of 120 N. Compared to sample states without a compound layer, the as-nitrided states with a compound layer exhibit improved wear coefficients. In contrast, all duplex layer states exhibit comparably low friction coefficients and low wear coefficients independently of the presence of a compound layer.Removal of the compound layer prior to PVD coating leads to a significant reduction in wear resistance due to reduced surface roughness before the hard coating and the associated change in the bonding between the nitride layer and hard coating. K E Y W O R D Scompound layer, duplex surface engineering, friction and wear, plasma nitriding, PVD hard coating INTRODUCTIONTool steels are the preferred materials for most fields of application with demanding tribological working conditions -such as die casting, forging, stamping, cutting, and rolling. [1][2][3] One widely used representative of this group of steels is X155CrVMo12-1 (AISI D2), which is applied in complex applications involving, for example, high normal loads and sliding speeds. 4,5 In order to counteract the associated reduction in tool life, hard coatings produced by surface treatment techniques such as plasma nitriding (PN) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) hard coating are commonly applied. PN affords significant improvements in surface hardness, fatigue strength, corrosion, and wear resistance 3,4,6 compared to conventional steels. However, nitrided layers do not provide sufficient resistance in highly aggressive environments or under heavy mechanical stresses. [2][3][4]6,7 PVD hard coatings are mainly used because of their high hardness and excellentThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Sliding wear behavior of duplex coatings with different plasma nitride layers and a Cr‐Al‐Ti‐B‐N coating

Weinhold

Dalke

Schramm

et al. 2021

Engineering Reports

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“…The data of table 2 show that the elimination of metallic impurities has been quite successful, except for copper. This element was practically unaffected by the purification process to which the material was subjected, and the copper contents of the final ingots are eRsentially the same as those of the iron oxide and sponge iron.…”

Section: High-purity Ironmentioning

confidence: 85%

Preparation of high-purity iron

Thompson¹,

Cleaves²

1939

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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Iron of high purity, in the form of 1-lb ingots, has been prepared by reducing purified iron oxide to sponge iron, melting the sponge iron, and remelting under hydrogen and in vacuo. The ingots were examined by spectroscopic and chemical methods for the presence of 55 possible impurities; the number of impurities that could be identified in individual ingots ranges from 6 to 9. The total of impurities in each ingot in most cases is less than 0.010 percent. The major impurities are nonmetallic, chiefly oxygen and sulfur, with traces of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Copper is the only metallic impurity in seven of the ingots; others contain small amounts of silicon and occasional traces of aluminum or beryllium from the refractories.

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