“…Sulfur in VHMS deposits usually comes from: (1) a magmatic source (Ohmoto, 1996) through a direct contribution from a vapor-rich magmatic fluid (Ohmoto, 1986;Stanton, 1990;Gemmell and Large, 1992;Sillitoe et al, 1996;Herzig et al, 1998, Galley et al, 2000Solomon et al, 2004) or leaching from subsurface magmatic rocks (Ohmoto and Goldhaber, 1997); (2) an inorganic reduction of seawater sulfate during a deep circulation process (Ohmoto et al, 1983;Solomon et al, 1988); and (3) a bacterial reduction of seawater sulfate (Sangster, 1976;Cagatay and Eastoe, 1995).…”