A suitable (wide-range + linear) temperature sensor based on Tm3+ ions

Abstract

Future advances in the broad fields of photonics, (nano-)electronics or even theranostics rely, in part, on the precise determination and control, with high sensitivity and speed, of the temperature of very well-defined spatial regions. Ideally, these temperature-sensors (T-sensors) should produce minimum (or no) disturbance in the probed regions, as well as to exhibit good resolution and significant dynamic range. Most of these features are consistent with the sharp and distinctive optical transitions of trivalent rare-earth (RE3+) ions that, additionally, are susceptible to their local environment and conditions. Altogether, these aspects form the basis of the present work, in which we propose a new T-sensor involving the light emission of trivalent thulium ions (Tm3+) embedded into crystalline TiO2. The optical characterization of the TiO2:Tm3+ system indicated a Tm3+-related emission at ~676 nm whose main spectral features are: (1) a temperature-induced wavelength shift of −2.2 pm K−1, (2) a rather small line-width increase over the ~85–750 K range, and (3) minimum data deconvolution-processing. The study also included the experimental data of the well-established pressure- and T-sensor ruby (Al2O3:Cr3+) and a comprehensive discussion concerning the identification and the excitation-recombination mechanisms of the Tm3+-related transitions.

Lanthanide‐Based Thermometers: At the Cutting‐Edge of Luminescence Thermometry

“…In the former example, the 3 F 3,0‐1 → 3 H 6,0‐1 Tm 3+ transition (at 676 nm) exhibits a linear wavelength blue‐shift dλ/d T of −2.2 pm K −1 (+0.048 cm −1 K −1 ) with a 1.25 nm (55 cm −1 ) bandwidth increase, over the ≈85–750 K range. This linear behavior is in contrast with that exhibited by the convential Al 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ optically based thermometers in which the peak‐shift linear behavior only covers a limited region (≈300–600 K), being the bandwidth and temperature precision highly affected at increasing temperatures . For [Eu(keto) 3 (H 2 O)], whereas the FWHM of the 5 D 0 → 7 F 0 Eu 3+ transition shows small variations (≤3.0 cm −1 , the experimental resolution), its energy displays a linear blue‐shift as temperature increases from 25 to 300 K, the maximum splitting is 16.6 ± 3.0 cm −1 .…”

“…Tm 3+ ‐doped crystalline TiO 2 films and the [Eu(keto) 3 (H 2 O)] (keto = ketoprofen) coordination compound are interesting and atypical examples of Ln 3+ ‐based luminescent thermometers reporting simultaneously temperature‐induced bandwidth increase and wavelength shift. In the former example, the 3 F 3,0‐1 → 3 H 6,0‐1 Tm 3+ transition (at 676 nm) exhibits a linear wavelength blue‐shift dλ/d T of −2.2 pm K −1 (+0.048 cm −1 K −1 ) with a 1.25 nm (55 cm −1 ) bandwidth increase, over the ≈85–750 K range.…”

Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Dye Using Zinc Sulfide Nanostructures

“…This result of ZnS is in agreement with the work reported by Salem et al on ZnSe nanostructure. [26] Recently A.R.Zanatta [27] studied about the electronic states and energy bandgap Egap of materials by the fitting of a Sigmoid Boltzmann function in the absorbance spectra. It is a simple model through this we can able to calculate the bandgap values in accordance with the error factor of experimental data.…”

Laser-Induced Silver Seeding on Filter Paper for Selective Electroless Copper Plating

“…The development of high-resolution metal patterns has allowed for significant progress in applications of the microelectronics industry such as surface-mount devices and integrated circuits [1], radio frequency identification and smart cards [2], wireless sensors and temperature sensors (T-sensor) [2,3,4], super hydrophobic surfaces [5], and flexible electronics [6]. In particular, in the wearable electronics industry, the flexible circuit board is a key element for boarding microelectronic devices.…”