A suggested classification for two groups of Campylobacter myoviruses

Abstract

Most Campylobacter bacteriophages isolated to date have long contractile tails and belong to the family Myoviridae. Based on their morphology, genome size and endonuclease restriction profile, Campylobacter phages were originally divided into three groups. The recent genome sequencing of seven virulent campylophages reveal further details of the relationships between these phages at the genome organization level. This article details the morphological and genomic features among the campylophages, investigates their taxonomic position, and proposes the creation of two new genera, the "Cp220likevirus" and "Cp8unalikevirus" within a proposed subfamily, the "Eucampyvirinae"

Campylobacter jejuni Motility Is Required for Infection of the Flagellotropic Bacteriophage F341

“…4E), as also observed by others (for an example, see reference 33). Moreover, nonadsorbed phages with contracted tail tips and deformed empty heads adsorbed to spherical vesicles were also seen as previously reported for C. jejuni phages (32,33,67) (Fig. 4E).…”

“…The only specific receptor known for Campylobacter phages is the O-methyl phosphoramidate moiety on the capsule of C. jejuni NCTC11168, shown to be required for infection by at least five phages (36). Campylobacter phages have been grouped into three groups (I and II [type CP220] and III [type CP81]) according to their genome size and ultrastructure (32,33). Phages belonging to groups I and II have been proposed to be dependent on flagella for infection, whereas capsule-dependent phages are proposed to belong to group III (35,68).…”

“…Also, Campylobacter bacteriophages have been isolated from the cecum of chickens (30). Most bacteriophages infecting Campylobacter belong to the family Myoviridae and are classified according to morphology and genome size, dividing them into three groups, two of which are represented by a type phage (group I, 320-kb genomes; group II, 180-to 194-kb genomes [type CP220]; group III, 130-to 140-kb genomes [type CP81]) (32,33). The initial interaction between phage and bacteria involves a specific binding of the phage to a bacterial surface receptor such as outer membrane proteins, lipopolysaccharides, or capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) (34).…”

The Minor Flagellin of Campylobacter jejuni (FlaB) Confers Defensive Properties against Bacteriophage Infection

“…The aim of the present study was to identify factors that impact on Eucampyvirinae bacteriophage infection that constitute a virulent subfamily of the Myoviridae (Javed et al, 2014), and are candidates for phage therapy of farm animals (Loc Carrillo et al, 2005; El-Shibiny et al, 2009; Kittler et al, 2013; Hammerl et al, 2014) and phage biosanitization applications (Atterbury et al, 2003; Goode et al, 2003; Bigwood et al, 2008) to control campylobacters in the human food chain (Connerton et al, 2011). For this purpose, we have constructed isogenic knock-out mutants targeting virulence and animal host colonization factors in the bacteriophage propagation strain C. jejuni PT14 (Brathwaite et al, 2013).…”

Comparative Functional Genomic Analysis of Two Vibrio Phages Reveals Complex Metabolic Interactions with the Host Cell

“…Additionally the presence of NAD + biosynthesis and nucleotide metabolism related genes in bacteriophages have been mentioned in various works (Mesyanzhinov et al, 2002; Miller et al, 2003a; Petrov et al, 2010; Javed et al, 2014). By being obligate parasites, bacteriophages are known to carry genes toward their own benefit (Gazzaniga et al, 2009) for host metabolic manipulation.…”