A Succinct Review on the PVDF/Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Blends and Composites: Preparations, Properties, and Applications

Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie; Daik, Rusli; Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Md.

doi:10.3390/pr9050761

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The PVDF-HFP transforms from α phase to highly polar β phase with positively charged CH 2 dipoles and negatively charged CF 2 dipoles ( 25 ) when it forms gels with the IL ( 10 , 26 ). The polymer can establish ion-dipole interactions with both cations ( 27 ) and anions ( 25 , 28 ). It is conjectured that the PVDF-HFP matrix increases the heat of transport of both ions through ion-dipole interactions without obvious selectivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant and bidirectionally tunable thermopower in nonaqueous ionogels enabled by selective ion doping

et al. 2022

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Ionic thermoelectrics show great potential in thermal sensing owing to their ultrahigh thermopower, low cost, and ease in production. However, the lack of effective n-type ionic thermoelectric materials seriously hinders their applications. Here, we report giant and bidirectionally tunable thermopowers within an ultrawide range from −15 to +17 mV K −1 in solid ionic liquid-based ionogels. Particularly, a record high negative thermopower of −15 mV K −1 is achieved in the ternary ionogel, rendering it among the best n-type ionic thermoelectric materials under the same condition. A thermopower regulation strategy through ion doping to selectively induce ion aggregates to enhance ion-ion interactions is proposed. These selective ion interactions are found to be decisive in modulating the sign and magnitude of the thermopower in the ionogels. A prototype wearable device integrated with 12 p-n pairs is demonstrated with a total thermopower of 0.358 V K −1 , showing promise for ultrasensitive thermal detection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant and bidirectionally tunable thermopower in nonaqueous ionogels enabled by selective ion doping

et al. 2022

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“…Cao et al reported that a gel composed of an imidazolium-type IL (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate; [EMIM][Otf]) and PVDF-HFP with a relatively high HFP ratio exhibited self-healing property owing to the reversible cross-linking through the ion–dipole interactions. As such, PVDF-HFP/IL is one of the most promising candidates in polymer electrolytes for practical applications, including flexible electronic devices and batteries. − Nevertheless, there has been limited understanding of its fundamental structure and viscoelastic properties so far, while the fundamental properties of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO; another good candidate for the polymer electrolytes) with IL have been studied. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Rheology of Poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) in an Ionic Liquid: The Solvent Behaves as a Weak Cross-Linker through Ion–Dipole Interaction

Aoki¹,

Sugawara‐Narutaki²,

Doi

et al. 2022

Macromolecules

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Mixtures of poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and ionic liquids (IL) are known to form flexible, self-healing, and ion-conductive materials that are often referred to as polymer–gel electrolytes. The ion–dipole interaction occurs between PVDF-HFP and the cation; that is, the IL acts not only as a solvent but also as a transient cross-linker to form the network structure, and the density of the binding site (C–F dipole) along the polymer chain is quite high. While the practical importance of this type of polymer/IL has become evident, the fundamental solution properties of these types of polymers have not been clearly understood. Here, we studied the structure and viscoelastic properties of the PVDF-HFP/IL system using infrared spectroscopy, wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS/SAXS), and steady-state and oscillatory shear rheology. The polymer network structure was found to maintain the geometrically similar figure ξ ∼ ϕ1/3, where ξ and ϕ denote the correlation length (length of the network strand) and volume fraction of the polymer, respectively. In addition, with an increase in ϕ, the larger-scale structure changed from a mass fractal to a surface fractal morphology at the overlap concentration. The dynamics of this polymer network system is presumed to be governed by the relaxation through repeated association–dissociation processes with the cation. The specific viscosity followed ηsp ∼ ϕ8 in the concentrated solution of PVDF-HFP. The viscometry results indicated that the apparent binding energy increased with ϕ; that is, the C–F dipoles were cooperatively bound to each other via the cations.

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“…The interest in ILs has grown dramatically due to their unique characteristics, such as high polarity, nonflammability, high thermal stability, and high ionic conductivity. , Another important advantage of ILs is their diverse chemical compositions that can impart desired properties, which can be achieved by pairing a variety of organic cations with a wide range of either inorganic or organic anions . ILs have been widely used as additives to enhance the properties of polymers or polymer composites. − For example, highly stretchable conductors were obtained through the addition of ILs into the originally brittle polymers, such as the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) complex − and poly[3-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propanesulfonate] (PDMAPS) . ILs were also used as effective dispersants of fillers to enhance the conductivity and stretchability of the composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids as Additives to Improve the Stretchability of Fluorine Rubber/Metal Filler Conductive Elastomers: a Miscibility Study

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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We report an intrinsically stretchable conductive elastomer containing fluorine rubber and micrometer-sized silvercoated copper fillers, in which ionic liquids were incorporated to improve the performance. The effects of the miscibility between the ionic liquids and fluorine rubber on the stretchability and conductivity of the composites were particularly focused. The miscibility was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). We compared three different ionic liquids and found that the ionic liquids that are miscible with the rubber can more effectively plasticize the composites to improve the conductivity under stretching, giving a fracture strain more than 400% where the resistance remains below 40 Ω. The effects of the size and shape of the silver-coated copper fillers and the viscosity of the casting solutions were also studied to optimize the performance of the composites. Furthermore, the fluorine rubber was cross-linked to enhance the elastic recoverability of the composites. The cross-linked film shows a fracture strain up to 340% and a good cyclic stretching durability even with the usage of large flakes (15−20 μm) as the conductive fillers.

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A Succinct Review on the PVDF/Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Blends and Composites: Preparations, Properties, and Applications

Cited by 23 publications

References 64 publications

Giant and bidirectionally tunable thermopower in nonaqueous ionogels enabled by selective ion doping

Giant and bidirectionally tunable thermopower in nonaqueous ionogels enabled by selective ion doping

Structure and Rheology of Poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) in an Ionic Liquid: The Solvent Behaves as a Weak Cross-Linker through Ion–Dipole Interaction

Ionic Liquids as Additives to Improve the Stretchability of Fluorine Rubber/Metal Filler Conductive Elastomers: a Miscibility Study

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