A Subpopulation of CD163-Positive Macrophages Is Classically Activated in Psoriasis

Abstract

Macrophages are important cells of the innate immune system, and their study is essential to gain greater understanding of the inflammatory nature of psoriasis. We used immunohistochemistry and double-label immunofluorescence to characterize CD163+ macrophages in psoriasis. Dermal macrophages were increased in psoriasis compared to normal skin and were identified by CD163, RFD7, CD68, LAMP2, Stabilin-1, and MARCO. CD163+ macrophages expressed C-lectins CD206/MMR and CD209/DC-SIGN, as well as co-stimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40. They did not express mature DC markers CD208/DC-LAMP, CD205/DEC205 or CD83. Microarray analysis of in vitro derived macrophages treated with IFNγ showed that many of the genes upregulated in macrophages were found in psoriasis, including STAT1, CXCL9, Mx1 and HLA-DR. CD163+ macrophages produced inflammatory molecules IL-23p19 and IL-12/23p40 as well as TNF and iNOS. These data demonstrate that CD163 is a superior marker of macrophages, and identifies a subpopulation of “classically activated” macrophages in psoriasis. We conclude that macrophages are likely to be contributing to the pathogenic inflammation in psoriasis, a prototypical Th1 and Th17 disease, by releasing key inflammatory products.

Spindle-shaped CD163+ rosetting macrophages replace CD4+ T-cells in HIV-related classical Hodgkin lymphoma

“…31 CD163, usually known as a typical M2 marker and strongly expressed in the spindle-shaped macrophages of HIV-related Hodgkin lymphoma, was recently found to be expressed on a subset of M1-polarized macrophages. 32 The presence of necrotic foci, a unique feature in the HIV-related Hodgkin lymphoma cases in the present study, may point to a proinflammatory activity. Cassol et al 33 observed a significant increase in spindle-shaped cells after differentiation of monocytes into M1 compared with M2a differentiated macrophages.…”

Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor signaling networks inhibit mouse macrophage inflammatory responses by induction of microRNA-21

“…88,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99] Our data show that intraperitoneal administration of the LNA-miR-21 inhibitor enhances Ly6C hi monocyte recruitment and M1 macrophage accumulation at an inflammatory site, suggesting miR-21-mediated suppression of M1 activities of these cells in vivo ( Figure 6). Further investigation of the roles of miR-21 targets in these processes and in enhancement of the LPS response downstream of the CSF-1R are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms involved.…”

“…TLR ligands induce miR-21 expression, 63,88 and increased miR-21 levels have been reported in several inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis, 89 ulcerative colitis, 90 cardiac muscle injury, 91 cardiac hypertrophy, 92 and psoriasis 93 as well as in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer 95 and the inflamed lungs of LPStreated mice. 95 Many of these conditions were associated with alterations in the M1/M2 macrophage polarization state, 93,96 thus leading to the hypothesis that miR-21 is an indicator of inflammation.…”

“…95 Many of these conditions were associated with alterations in the M1/M2 macrophage polarization state, 93,96 thus leading to the hypothesis that miR-21 is an indicator of inflammation. Figure 5G).…”

001 IL-17A induces heterogeneous macrophages, and it does not alter the effects of lipopolysaccharides on macrophage activation in the skin of mice

“…+ and CD163 + macrophages express CD206 in the skin of AD 40 and psoriasis patients 41 , respectively. We have demonstrated for the first time the presence of iNOS + and CD206 + macrophages in the skin of patients with psoriasis and AD.…”