A sub-second fast Fourier transform-adsorptive voltammetric technique for the nano-level determination of guthion at a gold microelectrode in flowing solutions

Bidhendi, Gholamreza Nabi; Norouzi, Parviz; Daneshgar, Parandis

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.022

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Norouzi and coworkers [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] reported a detection method by using flowing systems CV to monitor the adsorption of several inorganic and organic molecules onto Au electrode. Similarly, using FFT-SWV technique, these current responses (in response to an alternating potential) can be examined to determine the time-dependence of the change in the current response due to analyte adsorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Continuous Square-Wave Potential Program for Sub Nano Molar Determination of Ketotifen

Daneshgar

Norouzi

2009

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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117Ketotifen fumarate [KTF; 10H-benzo(4,5)cyclohepta(1,2-b) thiophen-10-one, 4,9-dihydro-4-(1-methyl-4-piperidinylidene)-(E)-2-butenedioate] is a nonspecific, oral mast cell stabilizer. Its main biochemical pharmacological activities are H receptor antagonism, phosphodiesterase inhibition and inhibition of calcium flux in smooth muscle preparations.1) It is applied to prevent the development of allergic conjunctivitis 2,3) asthma 4,5) and even showed an anti-wrinkle effect. 6)Asthma is a substantial health problem among children and adults worldwide, with high and increasing prevalence rates in many countries. More than 7% of Iranian children (4 million) are suffering from asthma according to the first National Asthma Prevalence Study. Oral salbutamol, aminophylline and ketotifen have been commonly used for asthma management. Ketotifen is one of the rare drugs that has been extensively used and shown safe in children. Ketotifen is an antihistamine. Histamine can produce allergy symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. Ketotifen is used to treat itching of the eyes caused by allergy to dust, pollen, animals and other allergens. For determination of ketotifen several methods such as ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry, 7,8) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 9) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 10) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) 11) has been used. The combination of microelectrode (ME) with squarewave voltammetry (SWV) has recently been shown advantageous for environmental detection of several compounds.12)The adaptation of this technology to adsorptive stripping voltammetry (ASV) of ketotifen on a gold ME could provide a substantial improvement for rapid analysis. 13,14) This paper describes a fundamentally different approach to SWV measurement, in which the detection limits are improved, while preserving the information content of the SW voltammogram. The approach is designed to separate the voltammetric signal and background signal in frequency domain by using discrete fast Fourier transformation (FFT) method. Further improvement in the signal was gained by two-dimensional integration of the electrode response over a selected potential range and time window of the signal. Although at sufficiently high scan rates cyclic voltammetry (CV) can approximate an ac voltammetric technique and can be used to investigate electrode surface phenomena such as physical adsorption, FFT-SWV may be a more appropriate technique for monitoring analyte adsorption, since the potential dependence of analyte adsorption may be more clearly characterized. SWV measures the current response while rapid alternating potentials are applied during a staircase scan whereas cyclic voltammetry which uses a forward and reverse linear dc scan is not sensitive to the potential dependence of changes that occur in the double layer. ExperimentalReagents All solutions were prepared in double-distilled water using analytical-grade reagents. Reagents in use in preparation of the stock ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Continuous Square-Wave Potential Program for Sub Nano Molar Determination of Ketotifen

Daneshgar

Norouzi

2009

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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“…Cyclic and square wave voltammetric measurements were performed using an Autolab potentiostat PGSTAT 30 (Eco Chemie BÁV., Netherlands), equipped with the GPES 4.9 software and a home-made ultravoltammetry system which introduced and described in detail at our previous articles [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this system the flowing solution brings the component on the surface of electrode by every injection of sample. The potential program as mentioned in our previous articles [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] contains three sections: (1) cleaning of the surface of electrode, (2) accumulation of component and (3) the measurement part that the square wave program will apply. These parts are continuously applied on the surface of electrode, which means potential program apply in subsecond to obtain enough data (current sampling) when CM passes through the electrode surface.…”

Section: Variation Of Peak Current With Accumulation Potential and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of carbon nanotube and dysprosium nanowire modified electrodes as a sensor for determination of curcumin

et al. 2009

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Two sensitive sensors for determination of curcumin (CM) were described. CM can be detected using multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified electrodes and dysprosium nanowire carbon paste electrode using the technique of adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) in stationary solution and the fast Fourier transform voltammetry at the flowing solution. Both electrodes did show less passivation effect that occurs on the unmodified electrodes and displayed better stability and reproducibility. This electrode enabled selective determination of CM in the presence of interfering species. Under optimized conditions, CM could be detected over a linear range with a detection limit of 5.0 9 10 -9 mol L -1 and 5.0 9 10 -10 mol L -1 for the traditional square wave and fast Fourier transform square wave voltammetry (FFTSWV) with RSD between 0.2 and 0.5%. Comparison with other reported methods showed these studies are about 100 times more sensitive than previous ones. Good selectivity and high sensitivity obtained by Square wave voltammetry can open new possibilities of direct CM determination.

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“…Like stripping voltammetry methods, here, the electrode response is proportional to the electrode coverage. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Measurements carried out for small analyte concentrations allow the estimation of the detection limit C DL :…”

Section: Optimization Of Fft-sw Frequency and Amplitudementioning

confidence: 99%

A dysprosium nanowire modified carbon paste electrode for determination of levodopa using fast Fourier transformation square-wave voltammetry method

Daneshgar

Norouzi

Ganjali

et al. 2009

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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A new detection technique called the fast Fourier transform square-wave voltammetry (FFT SWV) is based on measurements of electrode admittance as a function of potential. The response of the detector (microelectrode) is fast, which makes the method suitable for most applications involving flowing electrolytes. The carbon paste electrode was modified by nanostructures to improve better sensivity. The redox property of Diphenhydramin was used for determination of it in human serum and urine samples. Synthesized dysprosium nanowires make more effective surface like nanotubes [1-4] so they are good candidates for using as a modifier for electrochemical reactions. The drug presented one irreversible oxidation peaks at 1080mV vs. Ag/ AgCl by modified Nanowire carbon paste electrode which produced high current and reduced the oxidation potential about 300mV. Furthermore, signalto-noise ratio has significantly increased by application of discrete fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method, background subtraction and two-dimensional integration of the electrode response over a selected potential range and time window. To obtain the much sensivity the effective parameters such as frequency, amplitude and pH was optimized. As a result, LOD of 4.0 ×10-11 mol l -1 and an LOQ of 8.0× 10 -11 mol l -1 were found for determination for Diphenhydramin. A good recovery was obtained for assay spiked urine samples and a good quantification of Diphenhydramin was achieved in a commercial formulation.

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A sub-second fast Fourier transform-adsorptive voltammetric technique for the nano-level determination of guthion at a gold microelectrode in flowing solutions

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Application of a Continuous Square-Wave Potential Program for Sub Nano Molar Determination of Ketotifen

Application of a Continuous Square-Wave Potential Program for Sub Nano Molar Determination of Ketotifen

Fabrication of carbon nanotube and dysprosium nanowire modified electrodes as a sensor for determination of curcumin

A dysprosium nanowire modified carbon paste electrode for determination of levodopa using fast Fourier transformation square-wave voltammetry method

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