“…28,29 This ubiquitous molecule is used in selective signaling, activating membrane-bound adenosine receptors, denoted A 1 , A 2a , A 2b , and A 3 , which are widely distributed in tissues and mediate diverse biologic effects. 30,31 Adenosine has been recognized as an important modulator of immune responses, mediating inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory effects, such as chemotaxis, [32][33][34] release of allergic mediators, 35 reduction of toxic oxygen metabolites, 36 neutrophil adherence to endothelium, 37 inhibition of T-cell activation, 38 and inhibition of cytokine production. [39][40][41][42][43][44] The nonredundant role of adenosine receptors in the regulation of inflammation in vivo has been demonstrated in A 2a receptor-deficient mice.…”