A Study to Evaluate the Seismic Response of Road Embankments

Performance of embankments on liquefiable soil deposits improved with with dense granular columns

“…Then it was vacuumed with the aid of guide rails clamped along the length of the container to minimize soil disturbance (see Figure 3.4d). This procedure yielded a highly stable embankment structure prior to testing, consistent with past observations of the seismic response of well-compated road embankments, typically indicating compromised functionality due to permanent displacements of the softened soil below rather than sliding within the embankment (Koseki et al 2006;Pagano et al 2009).…”

“…Several researchers have previously used experimental and numerical methods to study the seismic behavior of earth embankments on liquefiable soil deposits. Some of these studies have focused on the performance of unmitigated embankments (Matsuo et al 2000;Pagano et al 2009;Aydingun and Adalier 2003;Maharjan and Takahashi 2014), whereas others have analyzed the influence of liquefaction mitigation strategies such as compaction, preloading, and sheet pile enclosures on the overall response of the embankment (Adalier and Aydingun 2003;Elgamal et al 2002;Bhatnagar et al 2015;Lopez-Caballero et al 2016). These studies have generally identified the embankment crest settlement, arising from a combination of volumetric and sheartype deformations in the embankment and the liquefiable soil below, as the main predictor of performance.…”