A study to correlate dental caries experience with total antioxidant levels of saliva among adolescents in Mangalore

Kumar, Sheetal; Kumar, Roshan; Bagewadi, Nagaratna; Krishnan, Nitin Anand

doi:10.4103/2319-5932.159045

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Surprisingly, individuals aged 15-19 years old with active caries lesion cavities present similar salivary TAC (0.17 mol/mL) compared to those without carious lesions (0.17 mol/mL) [31], suggesting that age may be an important factor in salivary TAC quantification. It was noteworthy that increased salivary TAC of children with cavitated lesions (enamel and dentine) was negatively correlated with oxidative damage rates, which reinforces the suggestion that salivary TAC is a marker for dental caries activity in children, as previously proposed by Krumar et al in 2015 [43].…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

Carious Lesion Severity Induces Higher Antioxidant System Activity and Consequently Reduces Oxidative Damage in Children’s Saliva

Araujo

Nakamune

Garcia

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Oxidative stress biomarkers can be found at detectable concentrations in saliva. These salivary biomarkers reflect specific oxidation pathways associated with caries and periodontitis. Our study evaluated the influence of dental caries severity (assessed using the ICCMS™ criteria) on the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in saliva from children. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients (from one to three years old) in a day care center in Birigui, SP, Brazil, two hours after fasting. Children were divided into four groups (n=30/group), according to caries severity: caries free (group A), early carious lesions (group B), moderate carious lesions (group C), and advanced carious lesions (group D). The following salivary biomarkers were determined: total proteins (TP), measured by the Lowry method; oxidative damage, measured by the TBARS method; total antioxidant capacity (TAC); superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic antioxidant activity; and uric acid (UA) non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, and multivariable linear regression (p<0.05). TP, TAC, SOD enzymatic antioxidant activity, and UA non-enzymatic antioxidant activity increased with caries severity, consequently reducing salivary oxidative damage. It was concluded that higher caries severity increases salivary antioxidant system activity, with consequent reduction in salivary oxidative damage.

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supporting

confidence: 86%

Carious Lesion Severity Induces Higher Antioxidant System Activity and Consequently Reduces Oxidative Damage in Children’s Saliva

Araujo

Nakamune

Garcia

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Salivary and serum TAC levels in 15-19-year-old students with active caries and caries-free groups did not show statistically significant differences. Whereas other studies have shown that saliva TAC was significantly lower in students with dental caries relative to those without dental caries among students of the same age group 8,9 , while other studies have found significantly greater levels of TAC in caries-active adolescents than caries-free controls 7,25 . In certain studies, antioxidant components in saliva were associated with dental caries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…However, no significant relationship was reported. Perhaps the TAC of the saliva sample is more relevant in relation to dental caries than any single component which is a part of the salivary TAC as implied in these studies 25 . According to the presented findings, TAC of saliva linked to dental caries was not influenced by the gender of the students, the same results observed by other studies 6,9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The antioxidant capacity of saliva could be a key factor in determining the outcome of the disease in the oral cavity. Different pathological alterations within the oral cavity could be attributed to decreased saliva oxidant capacity 25 , which may increase MDA production, MDA is one of the major by-products of lipid peroxidation that is developed in saliva in the host tissue cells, resulting in lower immune response. Some antioxidant mechanisms in oral fluids and cells disturb ROS production and free radicals to prevent oral disease 7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Stress in Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease Among Secondary School Students in Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Hamonari¹,

Al-Dabbagh

Mudhir³

2021

dmj

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Background:The main oral health concerns and markers of the oral health burden globally are dental caries and periodontal diseases. In the etiology and pathogenesis of various oral disorders, including dental caries and periodontal diseases, oxidative stress has been involved. The most commonly investigated markers of oxidative stress reactions include lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and antioxidant status. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the interrelation between markers of salivary oxidative stress on dental caries and periodontal disease among secondary school students in Duhok City. Material and methods: Across a sectional study performed on a randomized sample of 809 high school students (395 females and 414 males) aged 14-20 years from eight secondary schools from 4 quarters of Duhok city from December 2018 to May 2019. Unstimulated saliva was collected for the analysis of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) followed by a clinical examination. Dental caries assessment was performed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled/Teeth (DMFT) index and periodontal status were evaluated using the Gingival Index (GI) and the Plaque Index (PI). Subsequently were divided into high caries ≥ 5 and low caries group < 5 according to caries status; furthermore, they were subdivided according to the periodontal status into students with healthy/mild gingivitis and students with moderate/severe gingivitis. Results:The study results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean TAC levels in terms of decay status and periodontal disease in females (p=0.057), males (p=0.110) and the whole sample (p=0.741). Concerning the MDA and the decayed status, the mean MDA level was higher in those with DMFT of ≥ 5 relative to those with DMFT <5 in the entire sample and male patients. While the difference between females was not significant between the two DMFT groups (p = 0.473). Significantly, higher MDA levels (p<0.01) were found in males with moderate to severe gingivitis compared with those with mild gingivitis. However, the difference among females was not significant (p = 0.890). Conclusions: MDA levels were relatively higher among students of the high caries group and periodontal disease, suggesting that oxidative stress is correlated with the process of dental caries and periodontal disease.

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Oxidative stress in the oral cavity is driven by individual-specific bacterial communities

Džunková

Martínez-Martínez

Gardlík

et al. 2018

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

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The term “bacterial dysbiosis” is being used quite extensively in metagenomic studies, however, the identification of harmful bacteria often fails due to large overlap between the bacterial species found in healthy volunteers and patients. We hypothesized that the pathogenic oral bacteria are individual-specific and they correlate with oxidative stress markers in saliva which reflect the inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Temporally direct and lagged correlations between the markers and bacterial taxa were computed individually for 26 volunteers who provided saliva samples during one month (21.2 ± 2.7 samples/volunteer, 551 samples in total). The volunteers’ microbiomes differed significantly by their composition and also by their degree of microbiome temporal variability and oxidative stress markers fluctuation. The results showed that each of the marker-taxa pairs can have negative correlations in some volunteers while positive in others. Streptococcus mutans, which used to be associated with caries before the metagenomics era, had the most prominent correlations with the oxidative stress markers, however, these correlations were not confirmed in all volunteers. The importance of longitudinal samples collections in correlation studies was underlined by simulation of single sample collections in 1000 different combinations which produced contradictory results. In conclusion, the distinct intra-individual correlation patterns suggest that different bacterial consortia might be involved in the oxidative stress induction in each human subject. In the future, decreasing cost of DNA sequencing will allow to analyze multiple samples from each patient, which might help to explore potential diagnostic applications and understand pathogenesis of microbiome-associated oral diseases.

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A study to correlate dental caries experience with total antioxidant levels of saliva among adolescents in Mangalore

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Carious Lesion Severity Induces Higher Antioxidant System Activity and Consequently Reduces Oxidative Damage in Children’s Saliva

Carious Lesion Severity Induces Higher Antioxidant System Activity and Consequently Reduces Oxidative Damage in Children’s Saliva

Oxidative Stress in Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease Among Secondary School Students in Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Oxidative stress in the oral cavity is driven by individual-specific bacterial communities

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