A Study: Removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) Ions from Real Industrial Water and Contaminated Water Using Activated Sludge Biomass

Abstract

This study aims to remove of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions from solution and to investigate the adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and ion‐exchange affinities of these metals using waste activated sludge (AS) biomass. The adsorptions of the metals on biomass were optimal at an acidic pH value of 6.0 based on its monolayer capacities. Maximum monolayer capacities of AS biomass (qmax) were calculated as 0.478, 0.358, and 0.280 mmol g−1 for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, respectively, and the adsorption equilibrium time was found as 60 min for each metal. The adsorbed amount of metal rose with increasing of initial metal ion concentration. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of AS for initial 0.25 mmol L−1 metal concentration was determined as 0.200, 0.167, and 0.155 mmol g−1 for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions, respectively. These relevant values were determined as 0.420, 0.305, and 0.282 mmol g−1 for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions, respectively, when initial metal concentration was 0.50 mmol L−1. In the multi‐metal sorption system, the adsorption capacity of AS biomass was observed in the order of Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+. In the presence of 100 mmol L−1 H+ ion, the order of ion‐exchange affinity with H+ was found as Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+. The adsorption kinetics were also found to be well described by the pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion models. Two different rate constants were obtained as ki1 and ki2 and ki1 (first stage) was found to be higher than ki2 (second stage).

Study of Adsorption Mechanism of Heavy Metals onto Waste Biomass (Wheat Bran)

“…The amounts of cadmium and lead ions adsorbed onto R-WB were greater than those onto P-WBI. More lead ions than cadmium ions were adsorbed onto R-WB, which is similar to the observations reported by Kusvuran et al 10 . WB contains polygalacturonic acid, in which galacturonic acid units are connected via α-1 4 linkages.…”

Removal of Cu(II), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution using a Novel Agricultural Waste Adsorbent

“…The nature of the sorption processes depends on the physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbent as well as the system conditions (29,30). In a solution system, pH is one of the primary factors for the interaction since it may have influence on both biomass particles and metal ions.…”

One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of thrust spherical Mg–Al layered double hydroxides/MnO2 and adsorption for Pb(II) from aqueous solutions

“…Q2 15 To remove heavy metals from wastewater, many techniques, 16 such as ion exchange [5], precipitation [6,7], adsorption [8][9][10][11], 17 membrane processes [12], reverse osmosis, and electro-dialysis 18 [13] had been employed. Adsorption stood out as one of the best 19 treatment methods because of the availability of low cost 20 adsorbents as major materials for the techniques, its high 21 selectivity compared with other separation techniques and high 22 capacity of the adsorbents for the pollutants. Some adsorbents 23 were reported to be used for adsorption of Pb(II) such as carbon 24 nanotubes [1,14], biochars [15], proteins [10], aluminum, nickel 25 oxide or other metal oxides [16,17], chitosan [18,19], activated 26 sludge biomass [20], fly ash [21] and so on.…”

“…Adsorption stood out as one of the best 19 treatment methods because of the availability of low cost 20 adsorbents as major materials for the techniques, its high 21 selectivity compared with other separation techniques and high 22 capacity of the adsorbents for the pollutants. Some adsorbents 23 were reported to be used for adsorption of Pb(II) such as carbon 24 nanotubes [1,14], biochars [15], proteins [10], aluminum, nickel 25 oxide or other metal oxides [16,17], chitosan [18,19], activated 26 sludge biomass [20], fly ash [21] and so on. 27 In recent years, Man Park et al [22] had successfully prepared 28 MgAl layered double hydroxide which was used to absorb for Pb(II) 29 and Cu(II).…”